Great Wall

The Great Wall was built in the fifth century BC, Spring and Autumn Period, the third century BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China, sending 300,000 troops Mengtian led by Hun north, after the original section of the Great Wall built to link up and continue to build. Subsequent dynasties continued maintenance of the expansion, to the middle of the seventeenth century AD, the Ming Dynasty did not years, before and after the construction of a 2000 years.

Badaling Great Wall

Badaling in Yanqing County, is preserved Ming Dynasty Great Wall, a more complete, its urban construction in Yi Wu Kwan ○ five years (Ming Hongzhi eighteen years), East West, narrow width, was trapezoidal, with East and West Gate, East Ming Ju Yong outside the town, west of North Gate lock and key, all masonry structures, coupons hole for the platform to open a Huokou the north and south, connecting the city walls off the stage surrounded by brick Embrasure. This section of the wall built according to mountains, tall and sturdy walls, the lower part of stone story platform, the upper with a large masonry bricks, filling in soil and stones. Squares are the top floors, unadorned, filleting dense. Inside the buildings walls, outside the stack wall, stack the wall side Embrasure, below the firing hole. Mountain steep Department, piled ladder Road, ridge heights, walls, or advantageous corner office, the city built a fortress-style units, enemy units or wall units. Wall height and width, with an average of more than seven meters high in some locations up to 14 meters. The average base of a wall six meters wide and a half years, I Dingkuan five meters, can accommodate five horses and Chi or ten times.

Mutianyu Great Wall

Mutianyu was originally a small village, located in Huairou County, North Xinying Xiang (now the Bohai Town), where rolling hills, lush forests. Mutianyu Great Wall is located in Huairou District, Beijing. 73 kilometers away from Beijing. Mutianyu Great Wall, the building has a unique style, here watch tower intensive, strategically located and difficult passes, the City on both sides are Embrasure. Mutianyu Great Wall tourist area surrounded by mountains and beautiful scenery. Spring, Qunfang Zhengyan, mountain flowers bloom; summer, mountain green, water gurgling; autumn leaves Manshan the fruit; winter, the snow-covered, blanketed by Su-wrapped with one of Northland scenery, in the Chinese and foreign enjoy “Great Wall, Mu Tian valley alone show “in the world. Mutianyu Great Wall in 1987 was named one of the new Beijing 16 King in 1992 was named Beijing Tourism in the world. In 2002 Mutianyu Great Wall was rated 4A level scenic spot.

Great Wall Juyongguan

Juyongguan is located in Changping County, is the Great Wall, one of the main customs benefits. Assemble next to the Bureau of mountain towers, Tsui peaks overlap, there are two Bu-km-long river line, commonly known as off ditch. Here difficult terrain, known as “Kazuo When closed, Wan Fu Mo open” the momentum for the ages fought over. Juyongguan’s name, is taking “Xi Ju-yung Christians” means. According to legend, Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall, they can put the past forced portering Shicuxiju here. Along the Han Dynasty, said the Three Kingdoms period were Western customs, Northern Qi Dynasty satisfied when the change shall pass, Tang Dynasty, there are Juyongguan, Jimen customs, names of the military were closed. Subsequent generations are still here, I said Juyongguan flowers Yumaoconglong between the mountains, just like ocean waves Tsui waves, and therefore, “Guyan Emerald” is that in order to “Yanjing Eight Sights” one.

Jinshanling Great Wall

Jinshanling Luanping County in Rehe spent lougou bakeshiying area, due to construction of the first peak in the Yanshan and Gubeikou Wo Hu Ling Wulingbitong peak between the large and small Jinshan above, so have this one. This section Great Wall was built in Yiwu Qi ○ years (Ming-Lung Yu Qing four years), according to legend is the famous Chi Chi and Tan Lun Kangwo built, about 30 kilometers long, depending on the winding mountain, the level of excitement, magnificent. As the terrain here, weak and gentle, easy to attack and hard to defend, very thick walls built strong, tall and towering beacon towers, dotted Chengguan fortress, tower-intensive, there were as many as 158. The balcony of different forms, floor, piers have square, flat, round, etc. There Chuanpeng roof, dome, square and octagonal shape of drilling days and so on, in addition to the observation deck is not porous eye, as well as a rare along the warehouse floor, the Great Wall and so on.

Great Wall huangyaguan

Huangyaguan Great Wall in the Jixian 30 kilometers north of the mountains, built in the Wuwuliunian, Ming Chi Chi-Ren Ji famous town of taking part, he had to re-design, package brick repairs. This section of the Great Wall architectural feature is that Taiwan has brick walls stone, watch tower well and there is a round, build a solid base hollow brick. Sekijo Seeborg, the enemy sets the water off, everything, then mountain crossing, layout cleverly set in a hung Qixiu risk.

Shanhaiguan Great Wall

Shanhaiguan is located in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, Northeast, North China and Northeast China’s traffic must pass through the passes. 1381 (Hongwu fourteen years), generals, Xu Da built the Great Wall here was built off the city-based Guardian. Guan reliance mountainous north of the Yanshan Mountains Emerald, south of the Bohai Bay, rough, hence the name. Sekijo plane was a square, four-kilometer circumference, high 14 meters, 7 meters thick. There are four gates, the East Gate of the most spectacular and famous Zhendong, within the hanging “best in the world off” plaque, the name Simon Ying-yan, South Gate fame feign, North Gate were Weiyuan, all doors are building of a town building, the town center to build clock Drum Tower, a moat outside the city.

Jiayuguan Great Wall

Jiayuguan Jiayuguan in the Gobi Desert in Gansu province town of southwest corner, located in the Qilian Mountain and heli pulse Monju mountain valley area between Montenegro and Jiayu plateau on the western end is the end of the Great Wall. Was built in 1372 (Hongwu years), but as early as the Han Sui dynasties have been built piers, due to difficult terrain, building majestic ancient times referred to as “the world with big” is the first guardian of the Hexi Corridor strategic pass, but also must pass through the ancient Silk Road.

Great Wall

Great Wall China

The ancient Great Wall of China at different times to ward off attacks and built alliances Saibei nomads vast size of the military projects collectively. Ten thousand li Great Wall, stretching things, it is also known as the Great Wall. The existing Great Wall remains mainly built in the 14th century the Ming Great Wall, west of Jiayuguan, east Liaodong Hushan a total length of 8851.8 kilometers, with an average high 6-7 m wide, 4-5 meters. The Great Wall is the working people in ancient China created the great miracle is China’s long historical evidence. It is with the Tiananmen Square, Terracotta Warriors along with the world as a symbol of China.

Great Wall Directory:

The origin of the Great Wall
The starting and ending point of the Great Wall
Great Wall construction
Great Wall History
The Great Wall of defense engineering system
The role of the Great Wall is now
The origin of the Great Wall
The starting and ending point of the Great Wall
Great Wall construction
Great Wall History
The Great Wall of defense engineering system
The role of the Great Wall is

Great Wall Heritage

• merits and demerits of historical figures
• Astronomy-related
• Space Vision
• Great Wall alias
• Shanhaiguan Great Wall
• Related legend
• Qi Great Wall
• Don Wall
• the existing Great Wall
• Classic Literature
• China Great Wall Computer Introduction

The origin of the Great Wall

“Great Wall”
It is a treasure of Chinese civilization, but also the world’s cultural heritage, can be as famous pyramids of Egypt, the miracle of the human world. In the distant 2000 years ago, working people in order to flesh and blood built the Great Wall, easier said than done. The Great Wall is the crystallization of Chinese wisdom and intelligence, is a symbol of the Chinese nation.

Yu Wan because of the length of years, it is also called “the Great Wall.” It is recorded that the emperor used the Great Wall built nearly one million workers, accounting for one-twentieth of the national population. At that time there is no machinery, all work have to rely on manpower, while the working environment is high mountains, the cliffs Shen He, very difficult. Spring and Autumn period, the princes of States to defend the invasion of other countries, build beacon towers, with walls connect together to form the first Great Wall. Most of reinforcement Upgrading later emperors. Shanhaiguan Great Wall, east Hebei Province, west to Jiayuguan in Gansu, from east to west, passing through 10 provinces and autonomous regions. The total length of the Great Wall of 8851.8 km, of which a length of 6259.6 km of artificial walls, trenches and natural formation of a length of 2592.2 km.

The topography of the Great Wall

“Due to terrain, with the insurance system, plug” is an important experience built the Great Wall, the emperor’s time has definitely put it down, it Sima Qian writes, “Historical Records” at home. Each subsequent construction of the Great Wall are a dynasty carried out in accordance with this principle. Any construction Guan City Pass is chosen between the two mountains and valleys, or rivers turning point, or she must pass through the land between Hirakawa, so that both control the strategically located and difficult, but also to save manpower and materials to achieve, “Kazuo When Guan Wan Fu Mo open “effect. Beacon also built the castle, or choose to strategically located and difficult of the office. As for the construction of walls, but also the full use of terrain, such as the Juyongguan, Badaling Great Wall is built along the ridges of the spine, and some sections looked very dangerous from the outside wall, inside have great is gentle, there is ” is easily defensible “effect. In Liaoning, the territory of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall of Liaodong the town there is a known dangerous mountain wall, the wall off hilltops, is to use cliff, slightly Piqiao cliff about to become the Great Wall. There are some places take full advantage of cliff cliffs, rivers and lakes as a natural barrier, I really can say that nature’s intricate work. Great Wall, as a great project to become a valuable heritage of the Chinese nation.
June 25, 2001, as the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming Dynasty Great Wall, ancient buildings, were included in the fifth installment of the State Council approved a list of key national heritage conservation.
The contribution of North Korea
Ming Dynasty in the “outside” the Great Wall, he also built the “inside edge” the Great Wall and the “three barriers within the” Great Wall. Numbers “off” by the Great Wall built by the Northern Qi Dynasty, based on starting at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, west side off the east via Yanmenguan, Flat Zhu Guan into Hebei, and then fold

To the northeast, by the source, Fangshan, Changping Morogata direct to Juyongguan, and then from north to east, to the Huairou four customs, with the “outside” the Great Wall connecting to zijingguan-centered roughly into a north-south. “Within three off the” Great Wall in many places, and the “inside edge” The Great Wall in parallel, in some places two cities separated by only tens of years. In addition, construction is also a large number of “heavy city.” Yanmenguan in the vicinity of “heavy city” there are as many as 24!
The Great Wall is located in China’s north, which is east of Liaoning Hushan, inland areas west of Jiayuguan in Gansu Province. Trans-Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu nine provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, full-length of 8851.8 kilometers, about 17,703.6 where in the world, the “Great Wall” reputation.

It is East and West crossed the rolling on of our great motherland and the vast land. It looks like a dragon, climb towering mountains, across the vast expanse of grasslands, across the vast deserts, plunging toward the sea. According to historical literature, there are more than 20 countries and the feudal dynasty princes had built the Great Wall, if we built the Great Wall at all the times together, about 10 more than thousands of miles. Where Qin, Han and Ming dynasties 3 the length of the Great Wall of repair in excess of one thousands of miles. Now China’s Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have the ancient Great Wall, the remains of beacon towers. Of which only the Great Wall of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region reached more than 30,000 years.

The starting and ending point of the Great Wall

According to historical records, the Great Wall over 5,000 km, there are three dynasties: First, when Emperor Qin Shi Huang built the west lintao, Liaodong the east of the Great Wall; second is from the Han Dynasty built the West today in Xinjiang, the east, inside and outside the Great Wall and Feng Sui Liaodong Pavilion barrier, full-length one Wansan Qian km; third, built by the Ming Dynasty Jiayuguan west and the east to the Yalu River to the Great Wall, length of 8851.8 kilometers (2009 revision). If the total of all the times the Great Wall built up, in the more than 50,000 kilometers. The Great Wall sites found in our country today in Beijing, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Xinjiang, Tianjin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Shandong, more than 10 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Of which only the territory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, there remains more than 15,000 kilometers. Followed by the Great Wall in Gansu.
As a long time span, the early era of the Great Wall most of all incomplete in shambles, and now is the relatively complete preservation of the Great Wall built in Ming Dynasty. So, most people talk about the Great Wall, mainly referring to the Ming Great Wall. Referred to the length of the Great Wall, but also refers to the length of the Ming Great Wall, the Ming Great Wall, west of Jiayuguan, the East up to the Yalu River.
Jiayuguan Great Wall passes, Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, yumenguan, Jingxing customs, Niangziguan, Yanmenguan, MIGRAINEURS customs, Pingxingguan, Gubeikou, xifengkou, elm Lince, huangyaguan, tile bridge customs, Hushan the Great Wall, crow falcon customs, Niuzhuang City, watershed Guan, Ning City, Yang Guan, pingdingbu City, Qing-Yang Guan, Xin Guan, Chen-yuan Guan, Jinzhou City, Ma Shui Hau, daomaguan, nine door, the old leader, Dong mouth, Liu mouth, malanguan, new openings, chajianling Guan, Jinshanling, dushikou, Zhangjiakou, mashikou, sheep and room Fort customs, outlet pass, zijingguan, Xuanhua city santunying, 3 customs, oge mountain pass, Yi Hospital mouth, community Mineguchi, heavy Sakokuchi, Xu stream mouth, cold mouth closed, Baiyang valley off, Castle Peak customs, Tiemenguan, Pan mouth, longjingguan, Hung pass on the customs, often Sakokuchi, langwogou mouth, New River, Pak Shek mouth off, futuyu customs, oolong ditch off, flying fox population, widows House, Simatai, Mutianyu pass, the river city, general customs, White Horse customs, deerskin customs, He Fang mouth, pond customs, Huanghua Cheng Guan, hit crossing customs, abalone House, universal rule of mouth, Juyan Cypriot gucheng, chickens, deer plugs, high-Que plugs, large Tong Cheng, kill tiger’s mouth, weilu Baokou, jinsuoguan, huangze Guan , Huang Yu Guan, North Building mouth, Ningwu customs, Limin Baokou, victorious mouth, macro Baokou town, flat far from Fort xinpingbu ports, Bao-ping Baokou, Cheng Mun Fort, Fort Wayao mouth, Zhenning Baokou , the town population Fort Moriguchi Baokou, zhenbianbu, zhenchuanbu, hongcibu mouth, the town of Qiang Baokou, refusal to wall Baokou, Jumenbu mouth, to help Marburg mouth, polu Baokou, security Baokou , Ning Lu Baokou, breaking tiger Baokou, residual tiger Baokou, MA Baokou, cloud shipu mouth, less Jiabao mouth, river Baokou, defeated Tiger Baokou, Ying Ehnborg mouth, blocking tiger Baokou, General will fort, Center Cape Mount, Old Ying Fort, red door, laoniuwan Fort Yangfangkou, Pennisetum barrier, Guang-wu City, North Building, mouth, Sophora mouth, Longquan Guan, solid Kwan, Hok-degree Ridge mouth, Maling Guan , branch pot Mineguchi, junji customs, Wu Qi Qin Great Wall, Wei south from the Great Wall, will be Bordertown, gaojiabu, Chen-pei, Taiwan, Tong Wan City, Hancheng Wei, the Great Wall, Koho River Fort, etc..
Wall construction
The Great Wall in Chinese history, lasting years, many of the feudal dynasties in order to consolidate their rule, had it been built on many occasions; tens of thousands of working people in ancient China for its contribution to wisdom, to make the sweat flow, making it one of the world Wonder. Both the dragon-like city wall, or brief home throat passes, embody the idea of war was fortified, but also marks the height of success was building technology. For example, the Ming Dynasty, with the high development of the feudal economy, the construction industry also reflects the magnitude of the production process and the more scientific fired brick workshop. Therefore, product manufacturers are increasing production brick, brick is no longer a precious building materials, so the walls of the Ming Great Wall in many places inside and outside the canopy to giant brick walls are built. Entirely by hand at the time of construction, relying on manual materials handling situations, using small weights, the same size built brick walls, not only to facilitate the construction, but also to improve the construction efficiency and the level of the building. Second, many passes the gate, multi-National Cheng Kung University with brick masonry arch span, these brick and some have been severely weathered, but the whole city gates are still awe-inspiring Zhili, showing masonry arch was the superb skills. From the passes of the tower on the architectural perspective, a number of stone Zhuanke the production technology is extremely intricate, reflecting the craftsmen were excellent and artistic talent.
The main part of the wall is a wall, with an average height of 7.8 meters, and some sections of up to 14 meters. Any steep hill to build a place of relatively low, flat place to build a much higher; critical areas is relatively high, the general areas is relatively low. Defensive wall is a major part of its total thickness is wider, the basis of the width are 6.5 meters, the walls have an average terrace width of 5.8 meters to ensure that two baggage cart in parallel. Walls within walls and eaves by Wai Yan wall composition of the soil within the gravel fill. Wai Yan wall refers to the skin of the wall to the outside side. Building, there are significant income points, to close sub-walls are generally 25 percent higher. Wall of the closed points, to increase the width of the lower wall to enhance the stability of the wall, to strengthen its defensive performance, but also the external walls of magnificent. Within the canopy wall refers to the skin side of the city walls to build a significant income when you generally do not have points, to build into a vertical wall, the wall thickness of about Wai Yan, the general was “Embrasure” Office of the wall thickness of subject, where the the thickness of a brick and a half wide, and according to the proportion of points received, the more down thicker. Brick masonry ways to assemble flat-based.
The wall structure of the content is based on the local climatic conditions, and the overall view of the Great Wall built approaches, there are several types:
(1) version built rammed earth wall
(2) adobe wall Lei Qi
(3) brick walls
(4) of stone slabs
(5) The brick and stone masonry mixed
(6) Stone
With brick, stone, brick and stone masonry walls of hybrid method of puzzle, in the terrain slope is small, stone masonry with a brick or a section parallel to the terrain, while the local potential gradient is large, then fell with the level of methods to masonry.

Great Wall History

North of the Great Wall, began in the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, and Yan Three Kingdoms.

The starting point of the Great Wall – the old faucet

1, Qin, Zhao, Yan built Great Wall in the north of the reasons for

Qin Zhao Why the Great Wall built in the north, which talk about the situation from the Warring States period. Warring States period, China’s Yellow River region of the Yangtze River from slavery to the feudal society of the transition. Between countries with political and economic relations strengthened, Zhu Xia culture and the Qin, Chu, Wu, the more cultural exchanges and integration, unified trend is increasingly strong. It was then the feudal reform Wei, Zhao, Han, Chu, Qi, Qin, Yan Qi powerful country after the war to acquire, and seek to force to achieve reunification of the Yellow River, Yangtze River area. At this time, northern Shaanxi, Northern Shanxi, northern Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia steppe on the various ethnic minorities are also strong, continuous looting Qin, Zhao, Yan three northern border. Qin north, there is justice drainage, but also the North for the Huns; northwest Zhao Lin Hu, Lou Fan, north front of clothes ragged garments, the Huns; Yan Guo Hu northern boundary of the East. The minority regime in the north, in addition to justice in agricultural drainage, the other are nomadic, hunting for their livelihood. Yi Qu Northwest Loess Plateau on the power, since the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period and the Qin to compete over a hundred years. Huns, Eastern Hu nomads such as the military is even more high-quality, operational capability. According to “Historical Records • Hun Biography,” it reads: Huns people with nomadic, hunting, livestock to horses, cattle, sheep for a maximum, followed by camels, donkeys, mules and so on. They are “by aquatic plants migration, Wu castle Chang Department, till the fields of industry. Nevertheless have their own subdivision.” Man from an early age to learn riding and shooting. “Children can ride sheep, bows and shoot niaoshu; little long, then the fire fox rabbit; used as food.” Thus, one to an adult, “do for a ride.” The occasion of the Warring States Period, Hun has entered the slave society, and with the institutions of state power. King called the Chanyu, its next home left, Youxian Wang, left and right valley calabash King, left, right generals, left and right big Commandery, left and right big when the family left and right bones were Hou, Chuzuo, You Xianwang, all other ministers are hereditary. Dong Hu, Lin Hu, front of clothes ragged garments, loufan with the Huns basically the same.
Since the mid-Warring States period, they have been looting the Qin, Zhao, Yan three northern regions. Because they are good at riding and shooting, longer than the field, taking sudden attack, come and go erratic and unpredictable, showing a strong combat capabilities. The Qin, Zhao, and Yan in the Warring States combat troops are mainly mid-infantry and vehicles, dressed in undress big sleeve clothing, move slowly, Japanese-line 30 – 50 years, naturally can not stop the Huns, Eastern Hu’s attacks and looting. This is not only the three northern part of people’s lives and property were seriously imperiled, the production was severely damaged, but also greatly affected the three countries reunification. In view of this passive situation, the three countries have been conducted Military System reform and the construction of the Great Wall in the north.
Qin Shang Yang’s start from the Reform to implement Fuguojiangbing. Gradually changed into the army infantry and cavalry, and to military medals on the rewards and promotions, so the army fighting strength, invincible. Hui-wen WANG six years (before 332), and ten years, Wei has defeated to win WEI Xi River Shire (now Shaanxi Luo River basin) and Kamigori (now Shaanxi Province north-east) to. In order to prevent the Huns who swept the South, zhao WANG ordered in Longxi, the North, the Kamigori built the Great Wall north of the border, and sending troops stationed.
Zhao Yu-Wu-ling WANG Nineteen years (formerly 307), when the reform of Military System, the implementation of Hu Fu riding and shooting. Since then, troops Sui-Qiang. Two decades, Wu-ling WANG Lin Hu to the West a little, to Yuzhong, Lin Hu Wang Xian Ma surrendered before they return after victory and return. Twenty-six years (formerly 300), breaking Zhongshan, throw into confusion in the north to Yan, on behalf of the (now in northern Shanxi Province), also the northwest antipodes to the cloud, nine of the original (now Inner Mongolia Helingeer County to the uga River area). As a result, ordered the building the Great Wall, since the generation and Yinshan (now Inner Mongolia, big mountains, Ulat Hill) and the West, reaching as far as river (today’s Inner Mongolia uga River), while the home District, Yamanashi, Yanmen, clouds in the county, to prevent the Huns pillaged south . In order to specialize in the northwest, the following year, he let his son in the King Wen Hui Ho, since the father of the main numbers. Hui-wen WANG years (formerly 297), the main father of a generation, to Nishikawa (now Shanxi, Inner Mongolia between the Yellow River), breaking Lou Fan Bing Wang extent which rendered it.
Yan Guo is the Seven Warring States in the weakest one country, the south and the new starting strong Qi Zhao, north east are forced to Hu. Until Yanzhao Wang came to the throne (formerly 311) after, who had become, the recruitment of national wise and competent people carry out reforms, Yan State was strong and prosperous. The time-dong Hu powerful, often swept the South in the northern region of Yan. Yan Jun order to maintain the tranquility of the north, east, Hu, Wang was forced to make peace, but to big for the hostages. Zhao WANG, Qin Kai quality in East Hu, his brave and resourceful, and even the letter of East King Hu and therefore freedom of movement, able to understand the mountains south of East Hu advantageous, deployed with the military activities of the law of the situation. After returning, that the rate of force struck the Eastern Hu, big break of the East, Hu has to more than a thousand years. Also the “degree of Liaodong and conquer North Korea,” antipodes to Pei water (now North Korea chongchon-gang). Then, the “Great Wall of Yan Yi Zhu, self-made yang (now Kangbao County of Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia Taibus County) to Xiangping; home on the Valley, Yuyang, right Peking, western Liaoning, Liaodong county to refuse to Hu.”
To sum up, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan reason why the Great Wall built in the north, which aims to defend against the Huns, swept the South East, Hu.
The Great Wall is by the city, Fort evolved. As a military defense project on the city, Fort, as early as the late primitive commune began. Because it an effective defensive role into a class society then, has been in development in general. The Great Wall, first appeared in the spring and autumn, such as the city of Chu Fang (Nanyang, Henan Province in this area). By the Warring States Period, WEI Xi River County, there is the Great Wall, Chao zhang shui on the Great Wall and Zhongshan west of the country are the Great Wall, Yan Yasumizu have the Great Wall of Qi Tai Shan mountain range along the Great Wall. The Great Wall, in the war have played a significant role. The quick action of the northern nomadic cavalry, whereabouts and inscrutable, Asian countries, whether infantry or cavalry, they can not stop them from attacks and looting. Only built the Great Wall, together with the garrison defending it possible to prevent them from South plunder. Only the Great Wall built in the north in order to deploy the main forces for the far and wide on the merger between the war and to defend the war in order to complete the great cause of reunification.

2, the value of Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall,

Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, as a military defense works, how the war played what role? With regard to its role, especially in the Qin Great Wall Great Wall and the role of Yan, historical literature and almost none were few records of Zhao Great Wall. This is not to say that they do not play any role? Not. On the contrary, illustrates the three countries to build the Great Wall, the Xiongnu, East Hu, know no swept across the Great Wall, the South, the Great Wall in military defense played an important role.
We all know, zhao WANG, when is the period of Qin, one of the fastest expanding territory. If the north does not build the Great Wall, Qin army must be stationed in an important presence in the north channel and passes to stop the powerful Huns swept the South, how can deploy an army of six-nation coalition forces defeated the occupying large tracts of land then the six countries? Can be seen that Xiu Qin Great Wall, the only small contingent of troops stationed in the south will be able to prevent the Xiongnu. If the Hun army southward, due to the Great Wall defense, sometimes not easy to break; while Qindu short walk away from Xianyang, on the 1st night, two or three days and nights you can go to save, therefore, the Huns did not dare south, self-defeating. In short, since Qinzhao Wang built the Great Wall after the Huns had not stolen the south, which illustrates the role of the Great Wall in military defense.
As for Zhao Great Wall, due to construction in the Yinshan (now big mountains, Ula Shandong South) at the foot, multi-system with soil Hang Zhu, poor quality, but close to the Huns, so the beginning is often the Huns attacking army. Although the presence of army Zhao defense, against the initiative out of the city, but eat defeat. Zhao mourn when King Xiang (former 224 – before 236), Zhao border tired, defeated by the Huns, the North tight, so, sent to the Great Wall command of army generals, Mu-defense. Mourning for King Xiang Li Mu Shu Li cheap appointment and removal of privileges, and the clouds, Yanmen, Northern District, Yamanashi as the business tax and land tax for the Mu-dominated military. Li Mu will be headquartered in Yanmen under the Great Wall north of the county to the East and West anaphora. He favors warriors, Japan and the number of cows killed to improve the food; he ordered the army: “Huns to have stolen, all the soldiers up immediately insured cattle sheep, the Great Wall, there are those who dare to catch Krupp chop!” Huns to invade each, because the flames of strict, prior know the message, Zhao Guojun China will close the Great Wall of livestock insured. Huns have stolen less than human and livestock, finance, had to retreat. So a few years, although not defeat the Huns, but no Wang Shi Zhao. Huns and Zhao living on the frontiers, all believe that Li Mu cowardice, zhaowang also blame Li Mu; and Li Mu remain the same. Zhaowang anger, posters, animal husbandry, Hui Zhao, to be replaced by another. The new interceptor will be taken of the strategy; Hun every years, he led his troops to attack, a few lost. More than a year’s time, the officers and men a lot of casualties, the north can not be grazing. Zhaowang there is no alternative but to keep out of the Great Wall and then invited Li Mu. Li Mu said the disease, Truman could not and refused to assist. Zhaowang Naiqiang from animal husbandry, animal husbandry and integration so that soldiers guarding the north. Li Mu right zhaowang said: “The King will use me, and I still take the former strategy, you agree, I dare ordered.” Zhaowang had to agree. Li Mu to the Great Wall, as before is about. Few years, the Huns gain. Ran the final with Li Mu as scared. Zhao Bian soldiers “day rather than rewarding are all ready a war.” As a result, Mu-1300 is an election chariot, Jingji 13000, and choose the escapement will be able to break the enemy of the people with 100 gold, 50,000, 100,000 people were Shanshe, training and operations. Excel at later, then great vertical livestock. The Great Wall north of humans and animals everywhere. Hun smell it, they come to loot. A small income, animal husbandry and then feign defeat, to some of the livestock committee. Chanyu overjoyed, then the rate of dumping of the country Sagittarius south. Li Mu ambush set in advance, Zhang left-right pincer attack, big-breaking 10 thousand Huns riding, Chanyu Luohuang defeated, the North away run away. Since then more than 10 years, the Huns did not dare close Zhao Great Wall. Zhao Cheng-sheng eliminate front of clothes ragged garments, breaking the East Hu, descending Lin Hu. As a result, Zhao north of quiet, the people live and work. From here, we can clearly see the Great Wall in military defense, Zhao’s role.
Qinmo early Han Dynasty, the Huns by the Central Plains wars, across the Great Wall built by Qin Meng Tian, rehabilitation to the Warring States and Han Qin, Zhao, Yan is bounded by the Great Wall. As this state of disrepair the Great Wall north garrison rare, therefore, a powerful Hun continue to enter the Great Wall within the looting, has been deep into on behalf of the Valley, Taiyuan, Nishikawa, Kamigori North to other counties, Han emperor, Hui Di, Emperor Wen, Ching-ti was forced to take on the Huns and the pro-policy; marry a princess to Chanyu of Hsiungnu (ie, queen), and gives a lot of property. However, the Great Wall is such a dilapidated, has to a certain extent, play the role of military defense force, if not the Huns, generally can not enter the Great Wall of looting. Secondly, if Morimasa effective, even though some Hun army, no admission to the Great Wall. Cheng did not know the name will also abide by the Great Wall, and Guang-par, he was very strict military at any time defense Hun raids, the Huns did not dare to commit, also shows that the Great Wall played a certain role in the Warring States period. Subsequently Weiqing, Huo, Kung-sun Ho, Gong Sunao attack such as the Huns, are Zhao, Qin Great Wall for the attack retreated to the main stronghold. This indicates that, until the early Western Han Dynasty, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall continued to play the role of military defense, even though it had been much better defensive capabilities of the Warring States period. Until the Han Dynasty after the Huns arrived Mobei, repair, Meng Tian of the Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall and the construction outside the Great Wall, this Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall was only to give up its military defense role comes to an end.

3, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall and the reality of the value of historical value

Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall has great historical value, first of all, it shows that only built the Great Wall, plus a certain number of troops in order to prevent the northern nomadic horsemen lightning attacks. There is no Great Wall, even though a large number of infantry and cavalry, still can not be defensive. Warring States period of history has proved this point. Because the Great Wall is an effective military defense project, which was subsequently adopted by the emperor. Qin Shi Huang after the expulsion of the Huns to the Mobei ordered the immediate construction of a new Great Wall Mengtian.
Second, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, and Yan have built the Great Wall, is quite scientific, it is basically the use of strategically located and difficult situation, mountains and rivers, built in the Pass and the plains areas, were built high thick walls, cut off the Huns, the East Hu cavalry out of the way . In addition to the Great Wall, the inside and outside the high ground also has a beacon towers, and enemy reconnaissance and impart information, so that troops stationed on the Great Wall to prepare; in traffic intersection, and Taniguchi, were built barrier city, sending troops stationed in order to strengthen the defensive capacity of the Great Wall . The Great Wall within the distance intervals are built garrison cities and have a swift passage of information communication network so that a unified command and mutual support. This Great Wall and the three beacon towers, barrier, city and other supporting buildings, constitute a complete set of military defense systems. The military defense system is in line with scientific, defense is effective. It later provided a model for the military defense project. Meng Tian of the Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall, although the entire department a new, but it is clear that he is in the light of the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, based on the design of the building, and at the same time in each other. For example, he used mountains and terrain, because of its dangerous and difficult to build the city built barrier. He put the Great Wall built in the mountains above, as far as possible the use of ridges, peaks and ridges of the city, so that can not cross the Xiongnu; make full use of rivers as barriers, as far as possible the Great Wall was built in the north of the river, depriving the enemy of water. In the hills, plains, then built into a tall wall, or earth and rock built folders, or Hangzhu with soil, but to link the various sections of the Wall into an imposing, cut off north and south of the dragon. Qin Great Wall beacon towers, the Great Wall has improved compared with the three countries, are the Great Wall built in the hills outside the open, and according to the terrain, every 10 years, 20 years, 30 years there is a. Impaired the city also has improved the traffic junction or Taniguchi, have built two north-south barrier city. Large forces stationed in the city, all built in the south of the Great Wall, and closely linked with the Great Wall. Can be said that the Qin Great Wall of building the highly scientific nature, is the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, the inheritance and development of building system.
Finally, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall of historical value, not only of the more than 2200 years ago, the Chinese nation’s great spirit, but also shows a high degree of wisdom of the Chinese people were not afraid of bitter spirit, superb level of military science, a high level of scientific and cultural .

The Great Wall of defense engineering system

In the cold weapons, the military role of the Great Wall defense system to be successful. Qin, “built the Great Wall and abide by the north fence, but more than 700 the Huns, the barbarians did not dare go south and Wrangler.” ( “Book • Guo Qin”), Han Dynasty, the “build Cypriot go around, from Pavilion Sui, built outside the city, set up in order to keep the Tuen Mun-shu, then starting a small border security. “(” Han • Hun Biography “)
“Build the Great Wall, since the generation and Yinshan, the supreme Que for stuffing” of the King Wuling of Zhao is to “change customs Hu Fu, teaching riding and shooting,” while the world-famous politician ( “Historical Records • Hun Biography”). In fact, the Qin emperor Han Wu Da, including the early Ming Dynasty, no not take the initiative to achieve overwhelming superiority in military during the construction of the Great Wall. This shows that built the Great Wall is a kind of active defense, but also a reserve force, to continue aggressive strategy.
Built the Great Wall, north-west frontier against the positive measures taken by the truth, is to regain the initiative, because for the northern nomadic tribes, “Hing sign of division, then wanted to pick Duntao-volt, non-Ke Deer punish him; division also is note-Kou Yuki; stay soldier guard, then the labor costs are not funded, so only in case of building the Great Wall. “” What, then built the Great Wall, so provincial garrison service, anti-Kou notes truce while the interest the people, also. “(Lv Si-mian” China Ethnic History, “Chapter III)
But also to emphasize that the defensive role of the Great Wall is not reflected in most people thought, “not compromised”; its real usefulness lies in – the intruder may be able to concentrate on the occasional break for one or two crossing points into the Mainland, but as long as the whole The Great Wall has also stationed a strong army, has always threatened by blocking an intruder, the danger of ambush and unable to return home; in particular, the Great Wall strangling the north branch of the Yanshan and Taihang Mountains in all the principal roads nomadic cavalry even if broken off Entering , but only against the Mainland harassment, and their transport logistics simply can not come through the pass, and could not foothold in the Mainland, thus shaking the foundation of the Chinese Empire. Ringworm scabies of the disease re-re, but also less invasive Gao Huang, which is the fundamental significance of the Great Wall there.

The role of the Great Wall

Xiong Zhi earth to the Great Wall in northern China as an intermediary posed by the North-South wide geographic area, the Great Wall zone, across the current, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and Jilin, Heilongjiang, Qinghai , Xinjiang and other provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) and a considerable part of the region, but also in this historical period, the Mongolian People’s Republic and the Korean peninsula a number of areas. Hundreds of kilometers north-south width of its scope and even thousands of kilometers from east to west about thousands of kilometers. The Great Wall has lived with since the ancient times with a large number of ethnic groups and their mutual relations, is to observe and understand the Great Wall with the key to everything.
In the course of historical development, the Great Wall with the ancient nation, some disappeared, some new integration of ethnic another generation, they are with today’s distributed in the Great Wall more than 20 nationalities with a close relationship between the origin. Whether or have disappeared since the continued development of all peoples, all of China’s historical development has made important contributions.
The Great Wall is China’s development of relations between the product of ancient people, but for the Great Wall north-south ethnic relations of the inner law of development research is not sufficient. Summarized existing research results, broaden the field of study, the Great Wall of China reveals the intrinsic link the development of ethnic relations, for the Great Wall, ethnology and the Chinese ethnic relations research and development of such disciplines as history, for the promotion of national unity has an important practical significance and important theoretical research value.

Great Wall Technology

China’s special geographical location and topographical features posed by the geographical environment, climate characteristics, determines the ancient Chinese mainland economy, culture and things that can be divided into two main areas and three zones of the natural north-south layout. Something that the two zones north Xing’an by Yanshan, Yin Shan, Helan Mountain, Minshan to the cross-sectional line Mountains, east of the agricultural economic development in the region, the West is animal husbandry (small rooms have valley or oasis agriculture) economic development area . 3 with the Qinling Mountains in the south of the Huaihe River as the paddy fields, agriculture, economic development zone; Qinling Mountains in the north of the Huaihe River to the Yin Mountains, south and north-east, Yanshan plain dry crops, agricultural economic development zone, north of Yin Shan, Helan Mountains to the west of the economic development of animal husbandry zone. Two districts with three natural layout, composition of ancient China in agriculture, animal husbandry and the two economic and cultural types. Includes the entire Great Wall with the economic development of rainfed agriculture and animal husbandry with most of the economic development zone, constitutes a complete stand-alone economies. Economy to the agricultural economy based on agriculture, animal husbandry is an important complement to the two economies are interdependent and complement each other. Culture to culture as the leading farming, agriculture, animal husbandry and mutual penetration and absorption of the two cultures, and constantly convergence and radiation. In the course of historical development, agriculture, first developed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the entire China’s agricultural economy and culture, Fuxin, and become the country’s economic and cultural convergence center. Animal husbandry in the whole economic area, since the Xing’an west Yinshan steppes of Inner Mongolia, north, by virtue of exceptional conditions for the development of animal husbandry into economic and cultural Fuxin. Wall sit fall of these two economic and cultural interchange Fuxin’s natural, it is certainly a product of the economic development foundation. Great Wall not only will be two kinds of economic, cultural and separated, in turn two kinds of economic, cultural and unite together.
Today, the Great Wall has lost its military purpose, and more to realize the Chinese nation, spiritual, inspiring sons and daughters of Chinese people to defend the Chinese nation. At the same time I also witnessed the Chinese people to unite this land of hard work ahead, and describe Compose a glorious miracle.

Ethnic relations with the Great Wall

The Great Wall with the ancient economy, culture and structure and ethnic composition of the ancient pattern, determines the agricultural economy in ancient China region and the livestock industry concentrated expression of the relationship between the economic area on the Great Wall line, its agricultural economy, culture and animal husbandry economic and cultural unity of opposites is also start line along the Great Wall. To adapt the ancient ethnic problems in China are also concentrated on the Great Wall line, performance is unusually prominent, both inter-ethnic alliances and communication – political, economic, and cultural – is the struggle between ethnic groups – the military and political – are along the Great Wall line to start it for the formation and development of the main ethnic groups, the main ethnic and the Great Wall with the relationship between the various ethnic groups, as well as the formation and development of the entire Chinese nation, have played an important role. This is due to an ancient Chinese economic system is divided into two, agricultural economics and animal husbandry economy determined the unity of opposites.
The Great Wall with the economic, cultural, and development of the unity of opposites
Agriculture and animal husbandry are two different modes of production, agriculture and the needs for personnel to settle in a stable production, while livestock grazing were up in the flow, two modes of production have their own different characteristics, so in agriculture, animal husbandry and the two types of economic, culture, since ancient times contradictory aspects. The unity of livestock production and non-stability, so that there is a strong dependence on agriculture, but also often result in two kinds of economic and cultural imbalances, a serious confrontation. The tribes also retain the ancient pastoral soldiers are the people cluster of social organization, it is easy to form a military advantage, and sometimes into the agricultural areas, looting, causing great damage to agricultural areas. Great Wall’s construction and existence, it played into agriculture, animal husbandry and the two nations isolated from the national grazing animal husbandry in order to enhance the anti-interference ability, so they can not easily succeed, and thus help protect Central Plains region, and advanced agricultural economy mode of production, productivity and beneficial to the community development and accumulation of feudal civilization. Since the Qin and Han to Ming, control of the Central Plains of the successive rulers, the majority have made use of the powerful agricultural society organized forces continue to build the Great Wall, at the same time along with a large-scale migration to the Great Wall, the construction of transport corridors, open up a new frontier of regional initiatives, promote Central Plains regional economic, and cultural development. As regards access to the Western Regions of the Hexi Corridor transport pore open up, an extension of the Great Wall, so that an animal is divided into two economies and weakened the nomads of the Central Plains agricultural areas, the threat to the Central Plains agricultural areas and agricultural areas in southern Xinjiang to become a unity links . With the development of history, this in turn form a channel for connecting Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia and Europe, Africa and an important hub for the corridor to become Western economic and cultural exchanges and the domestic east and west of the national economy, cultural exchanges and radiation is extremely important transmission lines. All of these, for the Central Plains economic and cultural development and proliferation of providing a wide range of opportunities.
More importantly, agriculture, animal husbandry and the two major economic and cultural interdependence exists between the type, need each other and mutually reinforcing relationship. Both the needs of the agricultural economy of animal husbandry to provide themselves with farming, transportation of the animal and horses, livestock, furs, precious medicinal materials such as animal and material resources, but also a continuing need to sell livestock economic zone agricultural and sideline products and handicrafts, so that livestock economies to become an important economic area of agriculture commodity markets; while animal husbandry economy requires not only the agricultural economy in the provision of food, cloth and iron, copper, tin, gold, silver, pottery and other crafts, but also the need to sell their fur, medicinal herbs, etc. product, this will facilitate the exchange of the two economies in trade along the Great Wall of front-line continuously. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Great Wall along many of the barrier, down in history as agriculture, animal husbandry and the two major economic and cultural system, the national trade places or centers, plus the special circumstances of looting between nations, so that agricultural and animal husbandry products along the distribution along the Great Wall, the Great Wall will become the nation’s largest first-line trading market and material supply and demand, distribution bases. In the course of historical development, many crossing gradually developed into an important town along the Great Wall. Can be seen, the Great Wall not only ensure the agricultural economy, culture and animal husbandry economy, culture, normal development, but also for the two exchanges and complement each other to provide a forum and convenience; also play a mediating two kinds of economy, so agriculture and animal husbandry economy into the direction interaction with the direction of the primary and secondary development of an important role in this sense, the Great Wall is in agriculture, animal husbandry and economic convergence line. Therefore, the Great Wall is not simply who played the two kinds of economic, cultural and separating the role, more importantly, had also charged with two kinds of economic and cultural links with the task.

Cultural heritage of the Great Wall

Great Wall – Miracle in human history

The length of a continuous construction of the Great Wall, engineering, large volume, the construction of the difficult historical and cultural connotation of the rich world is indeed difficult to match the ancient works. The great pioneer of modern Chinese democratic revolution, Sun Yat-sen reviews the Great Wall, said: “China’s most famous works are The Great Wall is also. … … Works great, the ancient no relevant sections, one of the wonders of the world alone.” Former U.S. President Richard Nixon visited the Great Wall, said: “Only a great nation, in order to come to such a great build the Great Wall.” So, the Great Wall as a miracle of human history, 1987 was included in the “World Heritage List”, a well-deserved.
Such a vast project, not only in China is in the world, is unique and, therefore, a few hundred years ago and the Roman Colosseum, Leaning Tower of Pisa and so forth as one of the Eight Wonders of the world’s Middle Ages.

Great Walll Cultural treasures

Great Wall from the Spring and Autumn begun, and with China over 2,000 years of feudal society moving. As we all know, a long history of civilization in ancient China, feudal society is the most abundant of the most-hui welding chapter covered the feudal society, a major political, economic, and cultural aspects of historical events, the Great Wall were laid a mark on the body. Armored cavalry, fight for the throne strong field, regime change, ethnic wars and so on are reflected in the Great Wall found. The Great Wall as a historical monument in kind will be the land of China hydrology. Hidden in the body of the Great Wall 2,000 years brilliant Chinese culture and art is very rich in content, in addition to wall off the city, town, city, beacon towers and so on its own construction layout, modeling, carving, painting and other architectural art, he also made there are poetry, folk literature, drama and other hip-hop. Ages do not know how many emperors, frontier Shizu, man of letters, poems, famous for the Great Wall has left an immortal chapter. Frontier fortress poetry has become an important genre of classical literature. Such as Li Bai’s “Wings on tens of thousands of years, blow-degree yumenguan,” Wang Changling’s “Moon Han Guan Qin, Long March has not also,” Wang Wei’s “persuaded Jun more into a glass of wine, and west, Yang Guan no reason people,” Cen Shen’s “suddenly, such as spring night years, pear trees Trees 10000 Open” and other famous, golden widely read without a break. Meng Jiangnu to send warm clothing in the lyrics still widely sung. Patriotic education sites, tourist attractions with its towering majesty of the Great Wall, a strong physique, a strong symbol of the indomitable spirit of the Chinese nation, the perseverance to overcome difficulties. This spirit will always inspire us to move forward. Tourism is not just a sightseeing tour, but is also both a strong body, increasing knowledge, contacts and to carry out economic activities such as friendship, comprehensive functions.
After new China was founded, the party and the country attached great importance to tourism development, especially since the reform and opening up the development of the tourism industry is one of the priorities as a government, beautiful natural scenery, rich cultural heritage and rich multi-ethnic culture and the arts , there is a strong pillar of tourism with Chinese characteristics. Great Wall with its meandering twists and turns and ups and downs of the figure Pentium earth dotted with beautiful rivers and mountains of China to make it more Xiongqi magnificent. It is both culturally rich cultural heritage, but also a unique natural landscape. In the tourism and opening up, the Great Wall has a unique advantage. Today, visitors at home and abroad to “see the Great Wall of non-hero” is a poem to express himself on board the Great Wall must be a long list of Chinese civilization, and majestic scenery the mood is entirely understandable. Former British Prime Minister Heath during a visit to the Great Wall, said: “China’s past and future are equally charismatic. … … Arrived at the Great Wall, I felt more than in the past from the pictures, embroidery and painting on the Great Wall to see more spectacular of the . ” This is demonstrated in person on board the Great Wall to tourists sightseeing in mind. Gousse Xiongguan keep the old tracks, Kyushu Chuang Sheng-shaped mountains and rivers, towering Great Wall will work with the vast land of forever, will be forever in the world civilization.

The Great Wall merits and demerits of historical figures

2000 years of Qin Shi Huang was mostly regarded as a tyrant, people criticized him Fenshukengru, repair the Great Wall, the widespread construction of palaces, massive construction projects; But there are also praised him as “an emperor through the ages,” sure that he opened the Bureau of uniform, uniform weights and measures lay the contribution of the Chinese territory. So, Qin Shi Huang, or whether the tyrant is also an emperor through the ages it? In fact, this is your point of view from which to evaluate him. Angle varying assessments differ sharply.
In fact, we in the evaluation of a person, it should definitely “human” character was three-dimensional, that personality is multifaceted and can not be one-sided to draw conclusions, evaluation of the emperor, too. We often say that Great Wall of Chin Shih Huang Xiu-built palace, a waste of resources, but in the Qin Dynasty that era, construction technology developed, such as the Great Wall to be built as a military defense, we did not use a large number of people’s strength, will you? Although painful for the people, but for the Qin Dynasty built a strong line of defense against the invasion of the Huns, also provide the basis for later ages, it can not be said to be those?
The Qin Dynasty Great Wall in eastern Gansu Province, Gansu Province was the largest since the dawn of history to create a construction activity, but also the people of the Qin Dynasty in Gansu, when one of the largest manpower, material and financial expenditures. The western section of the Qin Great Wall built in the eastern part of Gansu for the protection of socio-economic stability and development played a positive role.

At that time, Wei, Zhao, Chu, Qi, Yan, Qin some other countries have built over the Great Wall.

Great Wall, a large-scale structure on the universe of astronomy terms. Two astronomers at the time indicated that out of the Great Wall of astronomy, from a full Earth’s galaxy 200 million light years away.
Therefore, the present is generally believed that large-scale structure of the universe as a bubble-shaped, hollow structure that is the universe.
However, “the” Great Wall of how long or wide, thick, at present it is not known, because they are a large number of cosmic dust and cosmic gas block, so that can not be observed. See the big graviton.
Bubble-like structure on the Great Wall and the origin of the current one of the assumptions and dark matter (dark matter) about.

Great Walls are orange lines, color photographs from the left top of the Department of rolling in the end.

But now, we are in space, using the naked eye can not see the Great Wall.
Alias the Great Wall
2000 years, Chinese from all historical records in the construction of the Great Wall and the Great Wall, the name used by many different –
Square City: used only in the state of Chu during the Spring and Autumn.

Cyprus, the Cypriot-Yuan, Wai in the history books used in Sierra Leone to “force” the word in many areas, in general there are two meanings: First, that mark strategic pass, and second, that the Great Wall.

Trenches, and boundary trench trenches is a form of building the Great Wall, while the trench is the gold sector, a special word on behalf of the Great Wall.
Ancient China, many parts of the Central Plains between the geographic and ethnic minorities as “borderland,” in this area will be built in Ming Dynasty Great Wall called the “sidewall” or “edge-Yuan.”
Shanhaiguan Great Wall

Hongwu fourteen years (1381), the generals set up Aboriginal select Xu Da Wei.
There are four main city gates, and there are several ancient defensive structure, is a relatively complete Chengguan defense.

Great Wall Related legend

With regard to Qi Great Wall, ancient historical documents, there are many documented.
For those who dug the wall for the field, stole the wall stones, throw garbage, trampled lie walls, daub walls and other man-made acts of vandalism must be stopped.

Qi Trinidad which has been the Great Wall 2,500 years ago. It symbolizes the Chinese nation, invulnerable forever known to the world the will and strength, the pride of the Chinese nation, but also the pride of humanity as a whole.
Don Wall

It is learned that, Mudanjiang side-wall was approved in 2006, declared as a national key cultural relics protection units.

Climbed the Great Wall here, you can occupy a commanding position, overlooking the magnificent view of mountains.
Beijing’s famous attractions Great Wall is one of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall in its essence. Mutianyu Great Wall has a unique style of building, here watch tower intensive, strategically located and difficult passes, the City on both sides are Embrasure.

Shanhaiguan Great Wall is now within the length of 26 km, including: the old leading the Great Wall, Great Wall, South Wing, Guan City, Great Wall, the north wing of the Great Wall, Great Wall, Cape Mount, three off the Great Wall and the nine other locations outside the Great Wall.
What you see now within the city of Chengguan mainly formed by the loess Ben Zhu, outside package to bricks, solid majesty.

The southern tip of danger from its peak in the cliff, the direction and self-Shanhaiguan phase from the Great Wall. “City walk on water, the water flow in the town.” It is the image of the Great Wall on the front nine descriptions.