Forbidden City Name

The common English name “Forbidden City”, a translation of the Chinese name Zijin Cheng (Chinese pinyin： Zǐjinchéng literally “Purple Forbidden City”). Another name in English of the same origin is “Forbidden City”.

Forbidden-City

The name “Zijin Cheng” is a name with significance on many levels. Zi, or “Purple”, refers to the North Star, which had been mentioned in ancient China Ziwei Star, and traditional Chinese astrology, the house of the Heavenly Emperor. The surrounding celestial region, housing Ziwei (Chinese: pinyin： Zǐwēiyuán) has been the realm of the Celestial Emperor and his family. The Forbidden City, when it became the residence of Emperor Land, its terrestrial counterpart. Jin, or “forbidden,” said that person enter or leave the palace was without the authorization of the Emperor.

Today the site is commonly known in Chinese as Gugong, which means “the former Palace.

The museum, founded in these buildings, known as the “Palace Museum” (Chinese: pinyin Gugong Bówùyùan).

About the Forbidden City

Forbidden-City

In downtown Beijing, Chinese people are called the Palace Museum or Gugong. For nearly five centuries, has long served as the seat of the emperor and his family and the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government.In 1406 to 1420 built complex of 980 surviving buildings with 8707 rooms and covers 720,000 m2 (7,800,000 sq. feet). The palace is an example of traditional Chinese beautifully, and the cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere affected. The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage site in 1987 and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of canned ancient wooden structures in the world.

Since 1925, the Forbidden City is under the care of the Palace Museum, whose extensive collection of art and artifacts have been on the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing. Part of the collection of the old museum is now at the National Palace Museum in Taipei. - top -

Virtual Forbidden City

Forbidden City History

Forbidden City Sightseeing

Forbidden City Travel Tips

Forbidden City Attractions:

1. Meridian Gate
2. Hall of Literary Glory and Hall of Martial Valor
3. Gate of Supreme Harmony
4. Hall of Supreme Harmony
5. Hall of Central Harmony
6. Hall of Preserved Harmony
7. Gate of Heavenly Purity
8. Palace of Heavenly Purity
9. Hall of Celestial & Terrestrial Union
10. Palace of Earthly Tranquility
11. Hall of Mental Cultivation
12. Six Western Palaces
13. Hall for Ancestry Worship
14. Six Eastern Palaces
15. Palace of Tranquil Longevity
16. Treasure Gallery
17. Qianlong Garden
18. Imperial Garden
19. Forbidden City Wall
20. Forbidden City Moat and Corner Towers

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Virtual Forbidden City

Through time and space，Virtual Forbidden City will guide you to enter into the mysterious Forbidden City Palace and to a Forbidden City tour. Come on, Let’s go…

Forbidden City History

The history of the Forbidden City covers six centuries. In the heart of Beijing, China, the Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty.

Built 1406 to 1420, the Forbidden City is experienced many changes. Having as the imperial palace for nearly five hundred years, the Forbidden City is now a palace museum – the Palace Museum – in 1925. In 1987 he was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. - top -

Forbidden City

The site is located at the Forbidden City was the imperial city during the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. During the creation of the Ming Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor moved the capital Beijing in the north to Nanjing in the south, and ordered that the palace be burnt yuan. When his son was Yongle Emperor Zhu Di, he moved the capital to Beijing, and construction began in 1406, what would the Forbidden City.

The construction lasted 15 years, and requires more than one million workers. Materials used are made of precious wood logs, while Zhennan Phoebe (Chinese Pinyin nanmu) found in the jungles of southwestern China, and large blocks of marble from quarries near Beijing. The main room floors were paved with “gold bricks” (Chinese: Pinyin jīnzhuān), specially baked paving stones from Suzhou.

From 1420 to 1644, was the Forbidden City, the seat of the Ming Dynasty. In April 1644 he became the rebel Li Zicheng, who describes himself as Emperor Shun Dynasty.He quickly fled before the combined armies of former Ming general Wu Sangui and Manchu forces, setting resulted recognized before the fire, parts of the Forbidden City the process. In October, the Manchus had achieved domination in northern China, and a ceremony was held in the Forbidden City in order to emphasize the young Emperor Shunzhi as ruler of all China under the Qing Qing rulers Dynasty.The announce last names of the main building to “harmony” rather than “Supremacy”, made the plates bilingual (Chinese and Manchu), and contains elements of shamanism in the palace. TOP

Forbidden City

In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the Anglo-French forces took control of the Forbidden City and occupied it until the end of 1900 war.In Empress Dowager Cixi fled from the Forbidden City during the Boxer Rebellion, so that by the force of the Treaty powers are until next year occupied.

Once the residence of 24 emperors, fourteen of the Ming dynasty and ten from the Qing Dynasty, the Forbidden City was stopped, the political center of China in 1912 with the abdication of Pu Yi, last emperor of China. Under a new agreement with the Government of the Republic of China, Pu Yi was on the farm, while the outer court was dedicated to public use until he was expelled following a coup in 1924. The Palace Museum was then established in the Forbidden City. In 1933 the Japanese invasion of China forced the evacuation of the national treasures in the Forbidden City.Part, the collection was back at the end of World War II, but the other part was evacuated to Taiwan in 1947 under the command of Chiang Kai – shek, whose Kuomintang lost the Chinese civil war. This collection of relatively small but high quality has been in storage until 1965, when he returned to the public, as the core of the National Palace Museum in Taipei held.

Forbidden City

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 caused some damage to the Forbidden City, while the country was drawn into revolutionary zeal.During the Cultural Revolution, but further destruction was prevented when the Prime Minister Zhou Enlai sent an army battalion, the city to protect.

The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987 as the Imperial Palace “of the Ming and Qing dynasties, because of its important role in the development of architecture and culture of China. It is currently used by the Palace Museum, which leads repair, a project of sixteen years of restoration and clean up all the buildings of the Forbidden City in their managed-1912 before the state. - top -

In recent years, the presence of commercial enterprises in the Forbidden City has been controversial. A Starbucks that opened in 2000, objections, and finally ended the 13 July 2007. The Chinese media also took note of a few souvenir shops that refused to allow Chinese citizens to price gouge to foreign customers in 2006.

Forbidden City Travel Tips

Forbidden City is a must when traveling to Beijing. To make your journey much comfortable Forbidden City, we found a few helpful tips to follow for you. TOP

Best Time to Visit the Forbidden City

Forbidden City is the best season from late March to early June and from late August to late November. During these periods, select one days and not weeks and holidays to avoid the crowds.

Recommended Forbidden City Tour lines

West Line: Meridian Gate (Wumen) – Gate of Supreme Harmony (Taihemen) – Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihedian) – Hall of Central Harmony (Zhonghedian) – Hall of Harmony doses (Baohedian) – Gateway to the purity Celeste (Qianqingmen) — Six Western Palaces – Cining Palace – Hall of Mental cultivation (Yangxindian) – Zhai Shufang TOP

Forbidden City

Middle Line: Wumen (Meridian Gate) – Gate of Supreme Harmony (Taihemen) – Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihedian) – Hall of Central Harmony (Zhonghedian) – Hall of Harmony doses (Baohedian) – Gateway to the purity Celeste (Qianqingmen) — Hall heavenly and earthly of the European Union (Jiaotaidian) – Künning Palace – Imperial Garden (Yuhuayuan) – Shenwu Gate

East Line: Wumen (Meridian Gate) – Gate of Supreme Harmony (Taihemen) – Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihedian) – Hall of Central Harmony (Zhonghedian) – Hall of Harmony doses (Baohedian) – Gateway to the purity Celeste (Qianqingmen) — Six Eastern Palaces (Dongliugong) – Palace of Tranquil Longevity (Ningshougong) – Now Zhenfei

Forbidden City Exhibitions

Forbidden City Museum has called permanent exhibitions in various halls and palaces a few. The following is a list of some shows that may spark your interest. Visit them and you can learn more about the cultural context in the great Forbidden City. - top -

Forbidden City

Valuable cultural relics treasures exhibition Huangji Hall Leshou Hall and Yangxing Palace Yihe Xuan
Clocks Collections Exhibition Hall in Fengxian
Qing Palace Opera exhibition in the Palace Changyin
Cixi to Business Expo at Xianfu Palace
Puyi Life exhibition in Lijing Xuan
Qing concubines Life exhibition at the Palace Yongshou
Qing Weapon Equipment Exhibition in Hongyi Garret
Wanshou celebrations at Exhibition Palace Qianqing
Imperial Palace Grand Wedding Expo in Qianqing TOP

Forbidden City Attractions:

Forbidden City – Meridian Gate

The Meridian Gate (Chinese, pinyin Wǔmén;) is the southernmost (and

Meridian Gate – Forbidden City

largest) gate of the Forbidden City. It has five arches. The three central arches are matched, the two flanking arches are still the exception of the three central arches. The arc center was once reserved for the emperor, the exceptions were the Empress, it might be, once their wedding day to give, and the three best students of three reviews of public service, tests allowed by the central arch. All other officers and agents had to use the four lateral arches. -top -

Hall of Literary Glory and Hall of Martial Valor

Entering the southern entrance to the Forbidden City – Meridian Gate, you will see the inside deck of the Golden River. In the east of the bridge is the gateway to the single resulting in Harmony Hall of Literary Glory. In the west of the bridge is the gateway to the prosperous harmony leading to the Hall of Martial Valor. Both halls are balanced by an east-west, now separated, are used as a gallery of ceramics and Forbidden City photo gallery.

Forbidden City -  Gate of Supreme Harmony

Gate of Supreme Harmony – Forbidden City

Behind Wumen The Meridian Gate, one can see five bridges with a courtyard. Make the heart of the north shore of the court is Taihemen, The Gate of Supreme Harmony. - top -

The Gate of Supreme Harmony (Simplified Chinese 门 太和; Traditional Chinese: 门 太和; pinyin: Taihemen; Manchu: Amba duka hūwaliyambure), is the second large gate on the south side of the Forbidden City. - top -

Forbidden City – Hall of Supreme Harmony

The Hall of Supreme Harmony (Chinese 殿 太和; pinyin: Tai He Dian; Manchu: Amba Deyen hūwaliyambure) is the largest hall in the Forbidden City. It is located on the central axis, behind the Gate of Supreme Harmony. Built on three levels: marble base surrounded by incense burners made of bronze, is the Hall of Supreme Harmony is one of the largest wooden buildings in China. It was where the Ming and Qing emperors their enthronement and wedding ceremonies take place.
In collaboration with the Hall of Harmony and Hall of Preserving Harmony, the three rooms in the heart of the courtyard of the Forbidden City.

Forbidden City – Hall of Supreme Harmony

The Forbidden City Hall of Supreme Harmony is about 30 feet above the level of the place around. It is the ceremonial center of imperial power, and the largest surviving wooden structure in China. It is nine bays wide and five bays deep, the numbers nine and five being symbolically connected to the majesty of the emperor. The six pillars that are closest to the imperial throne covered with gold, and the whole area is decorated with a dragon. The Imperial Dragon Throne, and in particular has five dragon wrapped around the back and laid on the hands. The screen behind the properties of the sets of nine dragons, as an expression of “Nine to Five” symbolic.
Set in the ceiling directly above the throne of the residential complex is decorated with a coiled dragon, from the mouth of issuing a chandelier-like set of metal balls. Called the “Xuanyuan Mirror” coming back to this article Xuanyuan, the Yellow Emperor, the legendary first emperor of China. In the Ming dynasty, gave the emperor his court here to discuss state affairs. During the Qing Dynasty, emperors held court much more frequently. Therefore, the situation has changed in the courtyard and the Hall of Supreme Harmony was used for ceremonial purposes such as coronations, royal weddings and investiture.
The hall was originally built by the Ming Dynasty in 1406 and seven times was destroyed by fire during the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in the last 1695 to 1697. - top -

Forbidden City – Hall of Central Harmony

Forbidden City – Hall of Central Harmony

Forbidden City Hall of Central Harmony between the Hall of Supreme Harmony and Hall of Preserving Harmony.  Hall of Central Harmony served as a resting place for the emperor before the presentation of major events in the Taihe Hall. Kaiser would rehearse their speeches and presentations here before their departure to the Temple of Heaven for sacrificial rites.

Forbidden City Hall of Central Harmony was the first time in 1420 during the Ming dynasty, however, the original auditorium was destroyed by fire and to see a visitor today was rebuilt during the Qing Dynasty.The Hall takes its name of the essence of Confucianism built after renovation. The exterior of the hall takes the shape of a square. In the room on either side of the golden throne, two unicorns symbolized the emperor’s talent and wisdom.  - top -

Go visit : Hall of Central Harmony

Forbidden City -  Hall of Preserved Harmony

Forbidden City - Hall of Preserved Harmony

Hall of Preserved Harmony ( Baohedian ), preserved Harmony is located at the north end of the marble terrace on three levels, a similar style but a bit smaller than the Hall of Supreme Harmony and larger than the Hall of Harmony . It was built in 1420, rebuilt in 1625 and renovated in 1765. Under the Ming Dynasty, the emperor usually change clothes before giving ceremonies here Empress or Crown Prince. In the Qing dynasty imperial banquets should normally be given here. To celebrate the marriage of Princess, Kaiser invite officials, husband and father, and their relatives who served the imperial government to a banquet. Each year, on the eve of New Year’s Eve would banquets in honor of officials and Marquis Drive, Mongolian princes and civil and military.
In 1789, the middle of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong Palace further test, the highest and final stage of the national system of imperial examinations, the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the lobby. Kaiser read the newspapers of the ten candidates in order to honor them.

On rainy days, visitors have the opportunity to stage spectacular than a thousand dragons to see drainage. There are 1412 stone dragon head on the marble columns of the three-level terrace to sit on the three main halls. Chinese craftsmen combined drainage system of architectural art intelligent. Once you have the opportunity, the Forbidden City, please note the holes in the mouth of the dragon. However, those who are no holes in the corners                               - top -

Forbidden City – Gate of Heavenly Purity

Forbidden City – Gate of Heavenly Purity

The Gate of Heavenly Purity (Qianqing men) separates the palace in the yard outside and inside. Behind the door is the residential area of the palace. Opposite the door is a pair of golden lions, a little smaller than those guarding the gate of Supreme Harmony. Powerful lions, in the opinion of the Chinese people are great door-guarders demons that frighten them. Besides lions, ten huge vats of gold are provided. These tanks are not only gold trim, but also hold water in case of fire. These tanks weigh more than 2,000 kilograms (4,409 pounds) and can contain more than 2,000 kilograms (4,409 pounds) of water.                             - top -
During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), began Emperor Kangxi, the second successor to hold court at that door instead of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. Ministers to gather in front of the door at dawn, the report on the state of affairs of their emperor, and await the decision of the emperor. The study of the upper, east, has been studied in the case of the princes of the Qing Dynasty. In the west, the houses of the offices of the General Command Center were (Junji Chu), originally a military installation. Later, the region saw the adoption of national regulations.

Forbidden City – Palace of Heavenly Purity

The Palace of Heavenly Purity, or Qianqing Palace (Chinese: 乾清宫 ; pinyin: Qianqing Gong) is a palace in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. It is the largest of the three rooms of the courtyard (the other two being the Union Hall and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility), located at the north end of the Forbidden City. During the Qing Dynasty, the palace has often served as the courtroom of the emperor, where he held a council with the Grand Council.              - top -

Forbidden City - Palace of Heavenly Purity

The Palace of Heavenly Purity is a double-eaved building and is located on a platform of white marble on a plane. It is the Gate of Heavenly Purity, connected in the south by a raised walkway. Under the Ming Dynasty, it was the residence of the Emperor. The large room was divided into nine rooms on two levels, with 27 beds. For additional security on the night of the Emperor chooses randomly from one of these beds. This lasted until the early Qing Dynasty. However, when Emperor Yongzheng ascended the throne, he would not live in the palace occupied by his father in the sixties. He lives and future emperor kept in the Small Hall of the intellectual culture in the West. The Palace of Heavenly Purity then became a court of the Emperor, where he held court, received the ministers and ambassadors, and held banquets. Is set in the center of the palace, developed on a platform, a throne, a desk, on which the emperor wrote notes and signed documents during government meetings. A housing is mounted on the roof, with a coiled cable dragon.
Above the throne hangs a plaque with a right-to-left script 正大光明 “(Zheng Da Guang Ming), written by Emperor Shunzhi. This tablet was revealed in several ways. It is often used as a Chinese idiom that means “To decent, honest and generous, ” or used “have no secrets or making an indecent act.”

Emperor Yongzheng Emperor of the designated successor in secret, with a copy of hiding behind the shelf, and other worn at all times by the Emperor.         - top -

Forbidden City – Hall of Celestial & Terrestrial Union

The Hall of Celestial and Terrestrial Union (JiaoTaiDian), was first built in 1420 and rebuilt in 1655 and 1798. One meaning of the name is the wish that the Kaiser (heavenly) and the Empress (terrestrial) have a good marriage. This hall is like the Hall of perfect harmony (ZhongHeDian) in the form and the smaller twin. It is the smallest of the three major palaces in the yard.

Forbidden City - Hall of Celestial & Terrestrial Union

Normally empresses formal birthday greetings would get here. Empresses would also inspect preparations before he presided over commemorations of the Silkworm God and practice sericulture. Shunzhi Emperor’s eunuchs, which was made here, are banned because of its own in governing.
If an hour-glass – - and is on the left, a carillon see Clock on the right side of the throne, the visitors an ancient Chinese water pot Clock. These two counters were a reference to the Drum Tower and Bell Tower.
The large clock tower on the left side of the palace built in 1798 during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and works in a miraculous way, the clock yet. Water Clock on the right was built in 1745. It is one of the most important inventions of China and is about 2,500 years ago. First, the mechanical clock in China after the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1736-1795) it was found that the use was abandoned in the water meter.  - top -

Forbidden City – Palace of Earthly Tranquility

The Palace of Earthly Tranquility ( Chinese name for The Palace of Earthly Tranquility : 坤宁宫; pinyin: Kun Ning Gong) is the northernmost of the three main rooms in the courtyard of the Forbidden City, the other two classrooms Palace of Heavenly Purity and the Hall of the Union.     - top -
The Palace of Earthly Tranquility is a double-eaved building, 9 beams wide and 3 beams deep. Under the Ming Dynasty, it was the residence of the Empress. Under the Qing Dynasty, a large part of the forbidden palace have been converted to the cult by shamanic new Manchu rulers. Thus, the front of the Earthly Tranquility hall as shrines, icons, prayer rugs and a large kitchen where the sacrificial meat was prepared. From the reign of Emperor Yongzheng, the Empress left the Palace of Earthly Tranquility after the initiative of the Emperor on the Palace of Heavenly Purity. However, two halls in the Palace land were retained for use in the wedding night of the Emperor. The wedding ceremony would take place in the main hall of the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, and then the Emperor and Empress retired to one of these halls      - top -

Forbidden City – Hall of Mental Cultivation

During the Qing Dynasty Hall Of Mental Cultivation(yang Xin Dian) was probably the most important building, except for the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Since the time of the third emperor Yongzhen all Qing emperors: 8 in total have stayed. The emperor also led the state affairs and held private hearings into the Hall Of Mental Cultivation.     - top -
The first emperor of the Qing Dynasty-Shunzhi died. The Hall Of Mental Cultivation was later converted to the imperial workshop, making all the necessities for use Royal during the reign of Kangxi.
Hall Of Mental Cultivation served as sleeping place of the emperor at the time of Emperor Yongzheng.
The hall of the West House at the west end of the study was the emperor was used by emperors to read the presentations and their ministers to conduct private hearings with senior officials.      - top -
At the end of the complex of five rooms. The largest room environment was for the emperor and the four surrounding rooms were used by the empresses and concubines who were ready to be summoned to the emperor.
During the reign of Emperor Tongzhi and Guangxu, the chamber is of Yang Xin Dian acquired special political significance. It is here that the Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Dowager Ci’an gave audiences behind the screen and started their intervention in domestic affairs. This is the famous “power behind the throne” or “Holding court behind the curtain” of Chinese history.

Forbidden City – Six Western Palaces

Six West Palace (Xiliu Gong) and the East Palace Six (Dongliu Gong) lie symmetrically on either side of the three main rooms in the Forbidden City courtyard. These twelve rooms were the palace residence of the emperor’s many wives, that polygamy was lawful at the time of feudal China. Each palace has a courtyard that has a separate entrance, bathroom and rear rooms of the wizard.       - top -
Six West Palace, as its name implies, are located in the west of the Forbidden City courtyard. With the Hall of mental culture, the South, it contains six palaces Palace of Eternal Longevity (Yongshou Gong), the palace of Queen Consort (Yikun Gong), the Palace to collect Elegance (Chuxiu Gong), Tai Chi Dian (Hall of Supreme Pole), the Palace of Eternal Spring (Changchun Gong) and the Palace of Universal Happiness (Gong Xianfu).
Among the palaces, the Palace of Eternal Spring is famous for its fresco called Dream of Red Mansions. Dream of Red Mansions, a novel most noted Chinese, has become very popular in the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The Empress Dowager Cixi liked reading very much, which led to this fantastic mural that is painted. Palace to collect Elegance, once housing Cixi, is very elegant. Wanrong, the last empress of the Qing Dynasty, lived in this place too. A buffet, boat ivory and other rare crafts are displayed.      - top -

Forbidden City -  Hall for Ancestry Worship

The hall for ancestor worship (Fengxian Dian) in the Forbidden City is located southeast of the Hall of Heavenly Purity, the six eastern palaces to its north. Built in 1656 during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), was the hall where memorials of emperors enshrined their ancestors. The front and rear hall room are connected by a corridor, so that a whole structure. Large-area victims were kept in the front hall at the Spring Festival, the winter solstice and the reigning emperor’s birthday. The emperor made their deep courtesies to deceased ancestors on the back hall on the ancestors birthdays and death days, the Lantern Festival (Lunar January 15), the day of the grave sweeping (Solar April 4 and 5) and Mid-Autumn Day.      - top -
Now the hall is devoted to an exhibition hall and watch converted. Some were produced by the imperial workshop or made in Guangzhou (Guangdong Province) and Suzhou (Jiangsu Province), others were imported from England, France, Germany, Switzerland, America and Japan, or sent as gifts to the emperor. They are of different shapes and styles and inspire visitors with their perfect performance. Although they have two thousand years ago they were still good on that day. In addition, a video system in the hall shows how these exquisite watches.      - top -

Six Eastern Palaces

As the counterpart of the Six Western Palaces – Forbidden City – Six eastern palaces (Dongliugong), was also the residence of the emperor’s wives. It consists Jingrengong (Palace of Great Mercy), Chengqiangong (Palace of Celestial Favour), Lama Temple (Palace of Eternal Harmony), Jingyanggong (Palace of Great Brilliance), Zhongcuigong (Palace of Purity) and Yanxigong (Palace of Lasting Happiness).
The castle is located on the east side of the courtyard. Most of the palaces were in the 17 Century restored. These palaces were also the living rooms of the imperial concubines. Now most have them in exhibition halls, where Chinese treasures to be collected earlier from the imperial family, the public, have been made.     - top -
Jingrengong (Palace of Great Mercy) now holds exhibition of more than 500 pieces of bronze wares of ancient China with two other halls, and Zhaigong Chengsudian. Visitors see the magnificent bronze wares displayed there.
In Chengqiangong (Palace of Celestial Favour) and Lama Temple (Palace of Eternal Harmony), now the ceramic and porcelain exhibition hall, visitors will be privileged, ceramics and porcelain from the Neolithic to the Qing Dynasty estimate dated.      - top -
Jingyanggong (Palace of Great Brilliance) was grown in an exhibition hall display lacquer ware, jade articles, stoneware, glassware and metal goods, etc. from the Ming and Qing dynasty. It is now Ming and Qing Crafts Exhibition Hall.
Zhongcuigong (Palace of Purity) was the palace where the prince lived during the Ming Dynasty.      - top -

Forbidden City – Palace of Tranquil Longevity

Palace of Tranquil Longevity is complex for the emperors who abdicated from the throne was built. It consists of Ningshou Gong (Palace of Tranquil Longevity) (Maintain Hall of Harmony), Yangxing Dian (Hall of Temper cultivation), Leshou Tang (Hall of Joyful Longevity) and Yihe Xuan. This group of buildings is a microcosm of the Forbidden City, the Palace of Peaceful Longevity is equivalent to the atrium and the three other halls include the courtyard.      - top -

The Palace of Peaceful Longevity was built in 1689 and was reconstructed during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. Huangji Men (Gate of Imperial Supremacy) is the south gate, decorated with three arches with colored glaze. Huangji Dian (Hall of Imperial Harmony), similar to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall served as the audience. The Hall of Peaceful Longevity was where the Emperor worships God abdicant. Now the Hall of Imperial Harmony in a treasure gallery has changed.    - top -

Forbidden City – Treasure Gallery

The Forbidden City treasure gallery is located on the north-south axis of the Palace of Longevity In a quiet environment in the north-east of the Palace Museum. Get through the gate of spiritual cultivation (Yangxingmen), north of the Palace of Peaceful Longevity (Ningshougong), it is easy to find the Treasure Gallery, which consists of three halls: the Hall of spiritual cultivation (Yangxingdian), the Hall of Joyful Longevity (Leshoutang), the living quarters for the Regent, the wives and concubines were well-fed and the Belvedere of Harmony (Yihexuan). These three halls are home now gold, silver, pearls, jade, cutlery, tea sets, royal robe, crown of the Phoenix daily needs as well as furniture of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) imperial family. In the north of the gallery is the jing chamber.  - top -

Qianlong Garden & Pavilion of Pleasant Sounds

Forbidden City – Qianlong Garden is an artificial rock garden in front of the view. If you forward a long walk along the meandering gravel path, you will probably feel like heading for quiet seclusion. It is a square pavilion of trees behind the artificial rock garden surrounded. It is named Lodge of Ancient Tree. To the west is the Lodge of Ancient Tree. To the west is the elegant house of ceremonial purification. On the stone stele in the Pavijion, theres the inscription records of the Gathering at the Orchid Pavilion by Dong Qichang of Emperor Qianlong. On the floor there is a meandering water channel. In ancient China, people in all the disasters and misfortune in the last year believed to leave, could you take a bath in the river into the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420) wrote the famous prologue to the collection of Orchid Pavilion, when he drink with friends in the river while taking bath. From then on, was a fashion ceremonial cleansing in the circle of writers.       - top -

Forbidden City – Changying  -  Pavilion of the pleasant sounds was in the Royal Forbidden City Theatre stage, and her full name is the Grand Theatre stage Changying (Pavilion of Pleasant Sounds) (Pavilion of the pleasant sounds) in Ningshougong (Palace of Tranquil Longevity) of the Forbidden City. It is located on the east side of the Yangxindian (Hall of Mental cultivation). In 1772 it was found, and ended in 1776. In 1802 and 1891 it was converted for two times. Changying (Pavilion of the pleasant sounds) was the largest theater stage in the Forbidden City. As famous Grand Theatre stage with the Deheyuan in Summer Palace, built in accordance with Changying (Pavilion of the pleasant sounds), and the Grand Theatre stage in Qingyin Summer Resort of Chengde.        - top -

In ancient China, is going great theater entertainment. During the period beginning the variety of festivals such as Spring Festival, Spring Lantern Festival, Double Seven Day, Dragon Boat Day, the Middle-Autumn Festival, Double-Nine Day begins winter, emperor’s enthronement and the birthday ceremony of Emperor and Empress and the royal members were always appreciated opera show here. There are many places for opera performances in Forbidden City: The Theater stage between Taijidian (Hall of Supreme Principle) and Changchungong (Palace of Eternal Spring), Shufangzhai theater stage and so on, while the large Changying (Pavilion of Pleasant Sounds) is specifically designed to opera performance on some great occasions used. Majority of the membership of Immortal performances playing demonstrate the peace and prosperity of society. With respect to the reference recording, during the reign of Empress Cixi, she took the opera performance on some festive days with Emperor, Empress, Prince and concubines and officials appreciate. In 1884, the fiftieth birthday of the Empress Cixi, Empress Cixi to the needs of the appreciation of opera production, consumption for costume and prop sale is very large.

Forbidden City – Imperial Garden

Through the gate of terrestrial Tranquility (KunNingMen) is the Imperial Garden (YuHuaYuan) – the last part of the Forbidden City on the central north-south axis when in a northerly direction, before the north gate.

The garden was built in 1417 during the Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 12,000 square meters and was the garden of the imperial family. It was the typical imperial garden in China.      - top -

This garden has been used exclusively by the imperial family to drink tea, play chess, meditate and relax in the rule. In the garden there are about 20 structures in various styles.

It’s interesting how the man-made structures to maintain harmony with trees, rock gardens, flower beds and bronze incense burners in this relatively small space.    - top -

Forbidden City Wall

The Forbidden City is a 7.9 meters high city wall and a six feet deep, surrounded by 52-meter wide moat. The Forbidden City walls are 8.62 meters wide at the base, tapering to 6.66 meters at the top. These walls were used as walls and retaining walls for the palace. They were constructed with a rammed earth core, and surfaced with three layers of specially baked bricks on both sides, the interstices filled with mortar.     - top -

Forbidden City Moat and Corner Towers

Forbidden City Moat
Forbidden City Moat founded in 1420, the eighteenth year of the reign of Emperor Yongle (1403-1424) of Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the trench 3800 m long and 52 m wide.     - top -

Forbidden City Corner towers
On the four corner towers coigne by high walls of the Forbidden City was founded in 1420, rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). As part of the Forbidden City, she served as the defensive system as well as the high walls, towers and the gate of the ditch.     - top -

Badaling Great Wall

Badaling in Yanqing County, is preserved Ming Dynasty Great Wall, a more complete, its urban construction in Yi Wu Kwan ○ five years (Ming Hongzhi eighteen years), East West, narrow width, was trapezoidal, with East and West Gate, East Ming Ju Yong outside the town, west of North Gate lock and key, all masonry structures, coupons hole for the platform to open a Huokou the north and south, connecting the city walls off the stage surrounded by brick Embrasure. This section of the wall built according to mountains, tall and sturdy walls, the lower part of stone story platform, the upper with a large masonry bricks, filling in soil and stones. Squares are the top floors, unadorned, filleting dense. Inside the buildings walls, outside the stack wall, stack the wall side Embrasure, below the firing hole. Mountain steep Department, piled ladder Road, ridge heights, walls, or advantageous corner office, the city built a fortress-style units, enemy units or wall units. Wall height and width, with an average of more than seven meters high in some locations up to 14 meters. The average base of a wall six meters wide and a half years, I Dingkuan five meters, can accommodate five horses and Chi or ten times.

Mutianyu Great Wall

Mutianyu was originally a small village, located in Huairou County, North Xinying Xiang (now the Bohai Town), where rolling hills, lush forests. Mutianyu Great Wall is located in Huairou District, Beijing. 73 kilometers away from Beijing. Mutianyu Great Wall, the building has a unique style, here watch tower intensive, strategically located and difficult passes, the City on both sides are Embrasure. Mutianyu Great Wall tourist area surrounded by mountains and beautiful scenery. Spring, Qunfang Zhengyan, mountain flowers bloom; summer, mountain green, water gurgling; autumn leaves Manshan the fruit; winter, the snow-covered, blanketed by Su-wrapped with one of Northland scenery, in the Chinese and foreign enjoy “Great Wall, Mu Tian valley alone show “in the world. Mutianyu Great Wall in 1987 was named one of the new Beijing 16 King in 1992 was named Beijing Tourism in the world. In 2002 Mutianyu Great Wall was rated 4A level scenic spot.

Great Wall Juyongguan

Juyongguan is located in Changping County, is the Great Wall, one of the main customs benefits. Assemble next to the Bureau of mountain towers, Tsui peaks overlap, there are two Bu-km-long river line, commonly known as off ditch. Here difficult terrain, known as “Kazuo When closed, Wan Fu Mo open” the momentum for the ages fought over. Juyongguan’s name, is taking “Xi Ju-yung Christians” means. According to legend, Qin Shi Huang built the Great Wall, they can put the past forced portering Shicuxiju here. Along the Han Dynasty, said the Three Kingdoms period were Western customs, Northern Qi Dynasty satisfied when the change shall pass, Tang Dynasty, there are Juyongguan, Jimen customs, names of the military were closed. Subsequent generations are still here, I said Juyongguan flowers Yumaoconglong between the mountains, just like ocean waves Tsui waves, and therefore, “Guyan Emerald” is that in order to “Yanjing Eight Sights” one.

Jinshanling Great Wall

Jinshanling Luanping County in Rehe spent lougou bakeshiying area, due to construction of the first peak in the Yanshan and Gubeikou Wo Hu Ling Wulingbitong peak between the large and small Jinshan above, so have this one. This section Great Wall was built in Yiwu Qi ○ years (Ming-Lung Yu Qing four years), according to legend is the famous Chi Chi and Tan Lun Kangwo built, about 30 kilometers long, depending on the winding mountain, the level of excitement, magnificent. As the terrain here, weak and gentle, easy to attack and hard to defend, very thick walls built strong, tall and towering beacon towers, dotted Chengguan fortress, tower-intensive, there were as many as 158. The balcony of different forms, floor, piers have square, flat, round, etc. There Chuanpeng roof, dome, square and octagonal shape of drilling days and so on, in addition to the observation deck is not porous eye, as well as a rare along the warehouse floor, the Great Wall and so on.

Great Wall huangyaguan

Huangyaguan Great Wall in the Jixian 30 kilometers north of the mountains, built in the Wuwuliunian, Ming Chi Chi-Ren Ji famous town of taking part, he had to re-design, package brick repairs. This section of the Great Wall architectural feature is that Taiwan has brick walls stone, watch tower well and there is a round, build a solid base hollow brick. Sekijo Seeborg, the enemy sets the water off, everything, then mountain crossing, layout cleverly set in a hung Qixiu risk.

Shanhaiguan Great Wall

Shanhaiguan is located in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, Northeast, North China and Northeast China’s traffic must pass through the passes. 1381 (Hongwu fourteen years), generals, Xu Da built the Great Wall here was built off the city-based Guardian. Guan reliance mountainous north of the Yanshan Mountains Emerald, south of the Bohai Bay, rough, hence the name. Sekijo plane was a square, four-kilometer circumference, high 14 meters, 7 meters thick. There are four gates, the East Gate of the most spectacular and famous Zhendong, within the hanging “best in the world off” plaque, the name Simon Ying-yan, South Gate fame feign, North Gate were Weiyuan, all doors are building of a town building, the town center to build clock Drum Tower, a moat outside the city.

Jiayuguan Great Wall

Jiayuguan Jiayuguan in the Gobi Desert in Gansu province town of southwest corner, located in the Qilian Mountain and heli pulse Monju mountain valley area between Montenegro and Jiayu plateau on the western end is the end of the Great Wall. Was built in 1372 (Hongwu years), but as early as the Han Sui dynasties have been built piers, due to difficult terrain, building majestic ancient times referred to as “the world with big” is the first guardian of the Hexi Corridor strategic pass, but also must pass through the ancient Silk Road.

Great Wall

Great Wall China

The ancient Great Wall of China at different times to ward off attacks and built alliances Saibei nomads vast size of the military projects collectively. Ten thousand li Great Wall, stretching things, it is also known as the Great Wall. The existing Great Wall remains mainly built in the 14th century the Ming Great Wall, west of Jiayuguan, east Liaodong Hushan a total length of 8851.8 kilometers, with an average high 6-7 m wide, 4-5 meters. The Great Wall is the working people in ancient China created the great miracle is China’s long historical evidence. It is with the Tiananmen Square, Terracotta Warriors along with the world as a symbol of China.

Great Wall Directory:

The origin of the Great Wall
The starting and ending point of the Great Wall
Great Wall construction
Great Wall History
The Great Wall of defense engineering system
The role of the Great Wall is now
The origin of the Great Wall
The starting and ending point of the Great Wall
Great Wall construction
Great Wall History
The Great Wall of defense engineering system
The role of the Great Wall is

Great Wall Heritage

• merits and demerits of historical figures
• Astronomy-related
• Space Vision
• Great Wall alias
• Shanhaiguan Great Wall
• Related legend
• Qi Great Wall
• Don Wall
• the existing Great Wall
• Classic Literature
• China Great Wall Computer Introduction

The origin of the Great Wall

“Great Wall”
It is a treasure of Chinese civilization, but also the world’s cultural heritage, can be as famous pyramids of Egypt, the miracle of the human world. In the distant 2000 years ago, working people in order to flesh and blood built the Great Wall, easier said than done. The Great Wall is the crystallization of Chinese wisdom and intelligence, is a symbol of the Chinese nation.

Yu Wan because of the length of years, it is also called “the Great Wall.” It is recorded that the emperor used the Great Wall built nearly one million workers, accounting for one-twentieth of the national population. At that time there is no machinery, all work have to rely on manpower, while the working environment is high mountains, the cliffs Shen He, very difficult. Spring and Autumn period, the princes of States to defend the invasion of other countries, build beacon towers, with walls connect together to form the first Great Wall. Most of reinforcement Upgrading later emperors. Shanhaiguan Great Wall, east Hebei Province, west to Jiayuguan in Gansu, from east to west, passing through 10 provinces and autonomous regions. The total length of the Great Wall of 8851.8 km, of which a length of 6259.6 km of artificial walls, trenches and natural formation of a length of 2592.2 km.

The topography of the Great Wall

“Due to terrain, with the insurance system, plug” is an important experience built the Great Wall, the emperor’s time has definitely put it down, it Sima Qian writes, “Historical Records” at home. Each subsequent construction of the Great Wall are a dynasty carried out in accordance with this principle. Any construction Guan City Pass is chosen between the two mountains and valleys, or rivers turning point, or she must pass through the land between Hirakawa, so that both control the strategically located and difficult, but also to save manpower and materials to achieve, “Kazuo When Guan Wan Fu Mo open “effect. Beacon also built the castle, or choose to strategically located and difficult of the office. As for the construction of walls, but also the full use of terrain, such as the Juyongguan, Badaling Great Wall is built along the ridges of the spine, and some sections looked very dangerous from the outside wall, inside have great is gentle, there is ” is easily defensible “effect. In Liaoning, the territory of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall of Liaodong the town there is a known dangerous mountain wall, the wall off hilltops, is to use cliff, slightly Piqiao cliff about to become the Great Wall. There are some places take full advantage of cliff cliffs, rivers and lakes as a natural barrier, I really can say that nature’s intricate work. Great Wall, as a great project to become a valuable heritage of the Chinese nation.
June 25, 2001, as the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming Dynasty Great Wall, ancient buildings, were included in the fifth installment of the State Council approved a list of key national heritage conservation.
The contribution of North Korea
Ming Dynasty in the “outside” the Great Wall, he also built the “inside edge” the Great Wall and the “three barriers within the” Great Wall. Numbers “off” by the Great Wall built by the Northern Qi Dynasty, based on starting at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, west side off the east via Yanmenguan, Flat Zhu Guan into Hebei, and then fold

To the northeast, by the source, Fangshan, Changping Morogata direct to Juyongguan, and then from north to east, to the Huairou four customs, with the “outside” the Great Wall connecting to zijingguan-centered roughly into a north-south. “Within three off the” Great Wall in many places, and the “inside edge” The Great Wall in parallel, in some places two cities separated by only tens of years. In addition, construction is also a large number of “heavy city.” Yanmenguan in the vicinity of “heavy city” there are as many as 24!
The Great Wall is located in China’s north, which is east of Liaoning Hushan, inland areas west of Jiayuguan in Gansu Province. Trans-Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu nine provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, full-length of 8851.8 kilometers, about 17,703.6 where in the world, the “Great Wall” reputation.

It is East and West crossed the rolling on of our great motherland and the vast land. It looks like a dragon, climb towering mountains, across the vast expanse of grasslands, across the vast deserts, plunging toward the sea. According to historical literature, there are more than 20 countries and the feudal dynasty princes had built the Great Wall, if we built the Great Wall at all the times together, about 10 more than thousands of miles. Where Qin, Han and Ming dynasties 3 the length of the Great Wall of repair in excess of one thousands of miles. Now China’s Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have the ancient Great Wall, the remains of beacon towers. Of which only the Great Wall of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region reached more than 30,000 years.

The starting and ending point of the Great Wall

According to historical records, the Great Wall over 5,000 km, there are three dynasties: First, when Emperor Qin Shi Huang built the west lintao, Liaodong the east of the Great Wall; second is from the Han Dynasty built the West today in Xinjiang, the east, inside and outside the Great Wall and Feng Sui Liaodong Pavilion barrier, full-length one Wansan Qian km; third, built by the Ming Dynasty Jiayuguan west and the east to the Yalu River to the Great Wall, length of 8851.8 kilometers (2009 revision). If the total of all the times the Great Wall built up, in the more than 50,000 kilometers. The Great Wall sites found in our country today in Beijing, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Xinjiang, Tianjin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Shandong, more than 10 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Of which only the territory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, there remains more than 15,000 kilometers. Followed by the Great Wall in Gansu.
As a long time span, the early era of the Great Wall most of all incomplete in shambles, and now is the relatively complete preservation of the Great Wall built in Ming Dynasty. So, most people talk about the Great Wall, mainly referring to the Ming Great Wall. Referred to the length of the Great Wall, but also refers to the length of the Ming Great Wall, the Ming Great Wall, west of Jiayuguan, the East up to the Yalu River.
Jiayuguan Great Wall passes, Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, yumenguan, Jingxing customs, Niangziguan, Yanmenguan, MIGRAINEURS customs, Pingxingguan, Gubeikou, xifengkou, elm Lince, huangyaguan, tile bridge customs, Hushan the Great Wall, crow falcon customs, Niuzhuang City, watershed Guan, Ning City, Yang Guan, pingdingbu City, Qing-Yang Guan, Xin Guan, Chen-yuan Guan, Jinzhou City, Ma Shui Hau, daomaguan, nine door, the old leader, Dong mouth, Liu mouth, malanguan, new openings, chajianling Guan, Jinshanling, dushikou, Zhangjiakou, mashikou, sheep and room Fort customs, outlet pass, zijingguan, Xuanhua city santunying, 3 customs, oge mountain pass, Yi Hospital mouth, community Mineguchi, heavy Sakokuchi, Xu stream mouth, cold mouth closed, Baiyang valley off, Castle Peak customs, Tiemenguan, Pan mouth, longjingguan, Hung pass on the customs, often Sakokuchi, langwogou mouth, New River, Pak Shek mouth off, futuyu customs, oolong ditch off, flying fox population, widows House, Simatai, Mutianyu pass, the river city, general customs, White Horse customs, deerskin customs, He Fang mouth, pond customs, Huanghua Cheng Guan, hit crossing customs, abalone House, universal rule of mouth, Juyan Cypriot gucheng, chickens, deer plugs, high-Que plugs, large Tong Cheng, kill tiger’s mouth, weilu Baokou, jinsuoguan, huangze Guan , Huang Yu Guan, North Building mouth, Ningwu customs, Limin Baokou, victorious mouth, macro Baokou town, flat far from Fort xinpingbu ports, Bao-ping Baokou, Cheng Mun Fort, Fort Wayao mouth, Zhenning Baokou , the town population Fort Moriguchi Baokou, zhenbianbu, zhenchuanbu, hongcibu mouth, the town of Qiang Baokou, refusal to wall Baokou, Jumenbu mouth, to help Marburg mouth, polu Baokou, security Baokou , Ning Lu Baokou, breaking tiger Baokou, residual tiger Baokou, MA Baokou, cloud shipu mouth, less Jiabao mouth, river Baokou, defeated Tiger Baokou, Ying Ehnborg mouth, blocking tiger Baokou, General will fort, Center Cape Mount, Old Ying Fort, red door, laoniuwan Fort Yangfangkou, Pennisetum barrier, Guang-wu City, North Building, mouth, Sophora mouth, Longquan Guan, solid Kwan, Hok-degree Ridge mouth, Maling Guan , branch pot Mineguchi, junji customs, Wu Qi Qin Great Wall, Wei south from the Great Wall, will be Bordertown, gaojiabu, Chen-pei, Taiwan, Tong Wan City, Hancheng Wei, the Great Wall, Koho River Fort, etc..
Wall construction
The Great Wall in Chinese history, lasting years, many of the feudal dynasties in order to consolidate their rule, had it been built on many occasions; tens of thousands of working people in ancient China for its contribution to wisdom, to make the sweat flow, making it one of the world Wonder. Both the dragon-like city wall, or brief home throat passes, embody the idea of war was fortified, but also marks the height of success was building technology. For example, the Ming Dynasty, with the high development of the feudal economy, the construction industry also reflects the magnitude of the production process and the more scientific fired brick workshop. Therefore, product manufacturers are increasing production brick, brick is no longer a precious building materials, so the walls of the Ming Great Wall in many places inside and outside the canopy to giant brick walls are built. Entirely by hand at the time of construction, relying on manual materials handling situations, using small weights, the same size built brick walls, not only to facilitate the construction, but also to improve the construction efficiency and the level of the building. Second, many passes the gate, multi-National Cheng Kung University with brick masonry arch span, these brick and some have been severely weathered, but the whole city gates are still awe-inspiring Zhili, showing masonry arch was the superb skills. From the passes of the tower on the architectural perspective, a number of stone Zhuanke the production technology is extremely intricate, reflecting the craftsmen were excellent and artistic talent.
The main part of the wall is a wall, with an average height of 7.8 meters, and some sections of up to 14 meters. Any steep hill to build a place of relatively low, flat place to build a much higher; critical areas is relatively high, the general areas is relatively low. Defensive wall is a major part of its total thickness is wider, the basis of the width are 6.5 meters, the walls have an average terrace width of 5.8 meters to ensure that two baggage cart in parallel. Walls within walls and eaves by Wai Yan wall composition of the soil within the gravel fill. Wai Yan wall refers to the skin of the wall to the outside side. Building, there are significant income points, to close sub-walls are generally 25 percent higher. Wall of the closed points, to increase the width of the lower wall to enhance the stability of the wall, to strengthen its defensive performance, but also the external walls of magnificent. Within the canopy wall refers to the skin side of the city walls to build a significant income when you generally do not have points, to build into a vertical wall, the wall thickness of about Wai Yan, the general was “Embrasure” Office of the wall thickness of subject, where the the thickness of a brick and a half wide, and according to the proportion of points received, the more down thicker. Brick masonry ways to assemble flat-based.
The wall structure of the content is based on the local climatic conditions, and the overall view of the Great Wall built approaches, there are several types:
(1) version built rammed earth wall
(2) adobe wall Lei Qi
(3) brick walls
(4) of stone slabs
(5) The brick and stone masonry mixed
(6) Stone
With brick, stone, brick and stone masonry walls of hybrid method of puzzle, in the terrain slope is small, stone masonry with a brick or a section parallel to the terrain, while the local potential gradient is large, then fell with the level of methods to masonry.

Great Wall History

North of the Great Wall, began in the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, and Yan Three Kingdoms.

The starting point of the Great Wall – the old faucet

1, Qin, Zhao, Yan built Great Wall in the north of the reasons for

Qin Zhao Why the Great Wall built in the north, which talk about the situation from the Warring States period. Warring States period, China’s Yellow River region of the Yangtze River from slavery to the feudal society of the transition. Between countries with political and economic relations strengthened, Zhu Xia culture and the Qin, Chu, Wu, the more cultural exchanges and integration, unified trend is increasingly strong. It was then the feudal reform Wei, Zhao, Han, Chu, Qi, Qin, Yan Qi powerful country after the war to acquire, and seek to force to achieve reunification of the Yellow River, Yangtze River area. At this time, northern Shaanxi, Northern Shanxi, northern Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia steppe on the various ethnic minorities are also strong, continuous looting Qin, Zhao, Yan three northern border. Qin north, there is justice drainage, but also the North for the Huns; northwest Zhao Lin Hu, Lou Fan, north front of clothes ragged garments, the Huns; Yan Guo Hu northern boundary of the East. The minority regime in the north, in addition to justice in agricultural drainage, the other are nomadic, hunting for their livelihood. Yi Qu Northwest Loess Plateau on the power, since the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period and the Qin to compete over a hundred years. Huns, Eastern Hu nomads such as the military is even more high-quality, operational capability. According to “Historical Records • Hun Biography,” it reads: Huns people with nomadic, hunting, livestock to horses, cattle, sheep for a maximum, followed by camels, donkeys, mules and so on. They are “by aquatic plants migration, Wu castle Chang Department, till the fields of industry. Nevertheless have their own subdivision.” Man from an early age to learn riding and shooting. “Children can ride sheep, bows and shoot niaoshu; little long, then the fire fox rabbit; used as food.” Thus, one to an adult, “do for a ride.” The occasion of the Warring States Period, Hun has entered the slave society, and with the institutions of state power. King called the Chanyu, its next home left, Youxian Wang, left and right valley calabash King, left, right generals, left and right big Commandery, left and right big when the family left and right bones were Hou, Chuzuo, You Xianwang, all other ministers are hereditary. Dong Hu, Lin Hu, front of clothes ragged garments, loufan with the Huns basically the same.
Since the mid-Warring States period, they have been looting the Qin, Zhao, Yan three northern regions. Because they are good at riding and shooting, longer than the field, taking sudden attack, come and go erratic and unpredictable, showing a strong combat capabilities. The Qin, Zhao, and Yan in the Warring States combat troops are mainly mid-infantry and vehicles, dressed in undress big sleeve clothing, move slowly, Japanese-line 30 – 50 years, naturally can not stop the Huns, Eastern Hu’s attacks and looting. This is not only the three northern part of people’s lives and property were seriously imperiled, the production was severely damaged, but also greatly affected the three countries reunification. In view of this passive situation, the three countries have been conducted Military System reform and the construction of the Great Wall in the north.
Qin Shang Yang’s start from the Reform to implement Fuguojiangbing. Gradually changed into the army infantry and cavalry, and to military medals on the rewards and promotions, so the army fighting strength, invincible. Hui-wen WANG six years (before 332), and ten years, Wei has defeated to win WEI Xi River Shire (now Shaanxi Luo River basin) and Kamigori (now Shaanxi Province north-east) to. In order to prevent the Huns who swept the South, zhao WANG ordered in Longxi, the North, the Kamigori built the Great Wall north of the border, and sending troops stationed.
Zhao Yu-Wu-ling WANG Nineteen years (formerly 307), when the reform of Military System, the implementation of Hu Fu riding and shooting. Since then, troops Sui-Qiang. Two decades, Wu-ling WANG Lin Hu to the West a little, to Yuzhong, Lin Hu Wang Xian Ma surrendered before they return after victory and return. Twenty-six years (formerly 300), breaking Zhongshan, throw into confusion in the north to Yan, on behalf of the (now in northern Shanxi Province), also the northwest antipodes to the cloud, nine of the original (now Inner Mongolia Helingeer County to the uga River area). As a result, ordered the building the Great Wall, since the generation and Yinshan (now Inner Mongolia, big mountains, Ulat Hill) and the West, reaching as far as river (today’s Inner Mongolia uga River), while the home District, Yamanashi, Yanmen, clouds in the county, to prevent the Huns pillaged south . In order to specialize in the northwest, the following year, he let his son in the King Wen Hui Ho, since the father of the main numbers. Hui-wen WANG years (formerly 297), the main father of a generation, to Nishikawa (now Shanxi, Inner Mongolia between the Yellow River), breaking Lou Fan Bing Wang extent which rendered it.
Yan Guo is the Seven Warring States in the weakest one country, the south and the new starting strong Qi Zhao, north east are forced to Hu. Until Yanzhao Wang came to the throne (formerly 311) after, who had become, the recruitment of national wise and competent people carry out reforms, Yan State was strong and prosperous. The time-dong Hu powerful, often swept the South in the northern region of Yan. Yan Jun order to maintain the tranquility of the north, east, Hu, Wang was forced to make peace, but to big for the hostages. Zhao WANG, Qin Kai quality in East Hu, his brave and resourceful, and even the letter of East King Hu and therefore freedom of movement, able to understand the mountains south of East Hu advantageous, deployed with the military activities of the law of the situation. After returning, that the rate of force struck the Eastern Hu, big break of the East, Hu has to more than a thousand years. Also the “degree of Liaodong and conquer North Korea,” antipodes to Pei water (now North Korea chongchon-gang). Then, the “Great Wall of Yan Yi Zhu, self-made yang (now Kangbao County of Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia Taibus County) to Xiangping; home on the Valley, Yuyang, right Peking, western Liaoning, Liaodong county to refuse to Hu.”
To sum up, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan reason why the Great Wall built in the north, which aims to defend against the Huns, swept the South East, Hu.
The Great Wall is by the city, Fort evolved. As a military defense project on the city, Fort, as early as the late primitive commune began. Because it an effective defensive role into a class society then, has been in development in general. The Great Wall, first appeared in the spring and autumn, such as the city of Chu Fang (Nanyang, Henan Province in this area). By the Warring States Period, WEI Xi River County, there is the Great Wall, Chao zhang shui on the Great Wall and Zhongshan west of the country are the Great Wall, Yan Yasumizu have the Great Wall of Qi Tai Shan mountain range along the Great Wall. The Great Wall, in the war have played a significant role. The quick action of the northern nomadic cavalry, whereabouts and inscrutable, Asian countries, whether infantry or cavalry, they can not stop them from attacks and looting. Only built the Great Wall, together with the garrison defending it possible to prevent them from South plunder. Only the Great Wall built in the north in order to deploy the main forces for the far and wide on the merger between the war and to defend the war in order to complete the great cause of reunification.

2, the value of Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall,

Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, as a military defense works, how the war played what role? With regard to its role, especially in the Qin Great Wall Great Wall and the role of Yan, historical literature and almost none were few records of Zhao Great Wall. This is not to say that they do not play any role? Not. On the contrary, illustrates the three countries to build the Great Wall, the Xiongnu, East Hu, know no swept across the Great Wall, the South, the Great Wall in military defense played an important role.
We all know, zhao WANG, when is the period of Qin, one of the fastest expanding territory. If the north does not build the Great Wall, Qin army must be stationed in an important presence in the north channel and passes to stop the powerful Huns swept the South, how can deploy an army of six-nation coalition forces defeated the occupying large tracts of land then the six countries? Can be seen that Xiu Qin Great Wall, the only small contingent of troops stationed in the south will be able to prevent the Xiongnu. If the Hun army southward, due to the Great Wall defense, sometimes not easy to break; while Qindu short walk away from Xianyang, on the 1st night, two or three days and nights you can go to save, therefore, the Huns did not dare south, self-defeating. In short, since Qinzhao Wang built the Great Wall after the Huns had not stolen the south, which illustrates the role of the Great Wall in military defense.
As for Zhao Great Wall, due to construction in the Yinshan (now big mountains, Ula Shandong South) at the foot, multi-system with soil Hang Zhu, poor quality, but close to the Huns, so the beginning is often the Huns attacking army. Although the presence of army Zhao defense, against the initiative out of the city, but eat defeat. Zhao mourn when King Xiang (former 224 – before 236), Zhao border tired, defeated by the Huns, the North tight, so, sent to the Great Wall command of army generals, Mu-defense. Mourning for King Xiang Li Mu Shu Li cheap appointment and removal of privileges, and the clouds, Yanmen, Northern District, Yamanashi as the business tax and land tax for the Mu-dominated military. Li Mu will be headquartered in Yanmen under the Great Wall north of the county to the East and West anaphora. He favors warriors, Japan and the number of cows killed to improve the food; he ordered the army: “Huns to have stolen, all the soldiers up immediately insured cattle sheep, the Great Wall, there are those who dare to catch Krupp chop!” Huns to invade each, because the flames of strict, prior know the message, Zhao Guojun China will close the Great Wall of livestock insured. Huns have stolen less than human and livestock, finance, had to retreat. So a few years, although not defeat the Huns, but no Wang Shi Zhao. Huns and Zhao living on the frontiers, all believe that Li Mu cowardice, zhaowang also blame Li Mu; and Li Mu remain the same. Zhaowang anger, posters, animal husbandry, Hui Zhao, to be replaced by another. The new interceptor will be taken of the strategy; Hun every years, he led his troops to attack, a few lost. More than a year’s time, the officers and men a lot of casualties, the north can not be grazing. Zhaowang there is no alternative but to keep out of the Great Wall and then invited Li Mu. Li Mu said the disease, Truman could not and refused to assist. Zhaowang Naiqiang from animal husbandry, animal husbandry and integration so that soldiers guarding the north. Li Mu right zhaowang said: “The King will use me, and I still take the former strategy, you agree, I dare ordered.” Zhaowang had to agree. Li Mu to the Great Wall, as before is about. Few years, the Huns gain. Ran the final with Li Mu as scared. Zhao Bian soldiers “day rather than rewarding are all ready a war.” As a result, Mu-1300 is an election chariot, Jingji 13000, and choose the escapement will be able to break the enemy of the people with 100 gold, 50,000, 100,000 people were Shanshe, training and operations. Excel at later, then great vertical livestock. The Great Wall north of humans and animals everywhere. Hun smell it, they come to loot. A small income, animal husbandry and then feign defeat, to some of the livestock committee. Chanyu overjoyed, then the rate of dumping of the country Sagittarius south. Li Mu ambush set in advance, Zhang left-right pincer attack, big-breaking 10 thousand Huns riding, Chanyu Luohuang defeated, the North away run away. Since then more than 10 years, the Huns did not dare close Zhao Great Wall. Zhao Cheng-sheng eliminate front of clothes ragged garments, breaking the East Hu, descending Lin Hu. As a result, Zhao north of quiet, the people live and work. From here, we can clearly see the Great Wall in military defense, Zhao’s role.
Qinmo early Han Dynasty, the Huns by the Central Plains wars, across the Great Wall built by Qin Meng Tian, rehabilitation to the Warring States and Han Qin, Zhao, Yan is bounded by the Great Wall. As this state of disrepair the Great Wall north garrison rare, therefore, a powerful Hun continue to enter the Great Wall within the looting, has been deep into on behalf of the Valley, Taiyuan, Nishikawa, Kamigori North to other counties, Han emperor, Hui Di, Emperor Wen, Ching-ti was forced to take on the Huns and the pro-policy; marry a princess to Chanyu of Hsiungnu (ie, queen), and gives a lot of property. However, the Great Wall is such a dilapidated, has to a certain extent, play the role of military defense force, if not the Huns, generally can not enter the Great Wall of looting. Secondly, if Morimasa effective, even though some Hun army, no admission to the Great Wall. Cheng did not know the name will also abide by the Great Wall, and Guang-par, he was very strict military at any time defense Hun raids, the Huns did not dare to commit, also shows that the Great Wall played a certain role in the Warring States period. Subsequently Weiqing, Huo, Kung-sun Ho, Gong Sunao attack such as the Huns, are Zhao, Qin Great Wall for the attack retreated to the main stronghold. This indicates that, until the early Western Han Dynasty, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall continued to play the role of military defense, even though it had been much better defensive capabilities of the Warring States period. Until the Han Dynasty after the Huns arrived Mobei, repair, Meng Tian of the Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall and the construction outside the Great Wall, this Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall was only to give up its military defense role comes to an end.

3, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall and the reality of the value of historical value

Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall has great historical value, first of all, it shows that only built the Great Wall, plus a certain number of troops in order to prevent the northern nomadic horsemen lightning attacks. There is no Great Wall, even though a large number of infantry and cavalry, still can not be defensive. Warring States period of history has proved this point. Because the Great Wall is an effective military defense project, which was subsequently adopted by the emperor. Qin Shi Huang after the expulsion of the Huns to the Mobei ordered the immediate construction of a new Great Wall Mengtian.
Second, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, and Yan have built the Great Wall, is quite scientific, it is basically the use of strategically located and difficult situation, mountains and rivers, built in the Pass and the plains areas, were built high thick walls, cut off the Huns, the East Hu cavalry out of the way . In addition to the Great Wall, the inside and outside the high ground also has a beacon towers, and enemy reconnaissance and impart information, so that troops stationed on the Great Wall to prepare; in traffic intersection, and Taniguchi, were built barrier city, sending troops stationed in order to strengthen the defensive capacity of the Great Wall . The Great Wall within the distance intervals are built garrison cities and have a swift passage of information communication network so that a unified command and mutual support. This Great Wall and the three beacon towers, barrier, city and other supporting buildings, constitute a complete set of military defense systems. The military defense system is in line with scientific, defense is effective. It later provided a model for the military defense project. Meng Tian of the Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall, although the entire department a new, but it is clear that he is in the light of the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, based on the design of the building, and at the same time in each other. For example, he used mountains and terrain, because of its dangerous and difficult to build the city built barrier. He put the Great Wall built in the mountains above, as far as possible the use of ridges, peaks and ridges of the city, so that can not cross the Xiongnu; make full use of rivers as barriers, as far as possible the Great Wall was built in the north of the river, depriving the enemy of water. In the hills, plains, then built into a tall wall, or earth and rock built folders, or Hangzhu with soil, but to link the various sections of the Wall into an imposing, cut off north and south of the dragon. Qin Great Wall beacon towers, the Great Wall has improved compared with the three countries, are the Great Wall built in the hills outside the open, and according to the terrain, every 10 years, 20 years, 30 years there is a. Impaired the city also has improved the traffic junction or Taniguchi, have built two north-south barrier city. Large forces stationed in the city, all built in the south of the Great Wall, and closely linked with the Great Wall. Can be said that the Qin Great Wall of building the highly scientific nature, is the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, the inheritance and development of building system.
Finally, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall of historical value, not only of the more than 2200 years ago, the Chinese nation’s great spirit, but also shows a high degree of wisdom of the Chinese people were not afraid of bitter spirit, superb level of military science, a high level of scientific and cultural .

The Great Wall of defense engineering system

In the cold weapons, the military role of the Great Wall defense system to be successful. Qin, “built the Great Wall and abide by the north fence, but more than 700 the Huns, the barbarians did not dare go south and Wrangler.” ( “Book • Guo Qin”), Han Dynasty, the “build Cypriot go around, from Pavilion Sui, built outside the city, set up in order to keep the Tuen Mun-shu, then starting a small border security. “(” Han • Hun Biography “)
“Build the Great Wall, since the generation and Yinshan, the supreme Que for stuffing” of the King Wuling of Zhao is to “change customs Hu Fu, teaching riding and shooting,” while the world-famous politician ( “Historical Records • Hun Biography”). In fact, the Qin emperor Han Wu Da, including the early Ming Dynasty, no not take the initiative to achieve overwhelming superiority in military during the construction of the Great Wall. This shows that built the Great Wall is a kind of active defense, but also a reserve force, to continue aggressive strategy.
Built the Great Wall, north-west frontier against the positive measures taken by the truth, is to regain the initiative, because for the northern nomadic tribes, “Hing sign of division, then wanted to pick Duntao-volt, non-Ke Deer punish him; division also is note-Kou Yuki; stay soldier guard, then the labor costs are not funded, so only in case of building the Great Wall. “” What, then built the Great Wall, so provincial garrison service, anti-Kou notes truce while the interest the people, also. “(Lv Si-mian” China Ethnic History, “Chapter III)
But also to emphasize that the defensive role of the Great Wall is not reflected in most people thought, “not compromised”; its real usefulness lies in – the intruder may be able to concentrate on the occasional break for one or two crossing points into the Mainland, but as long as the whole The Great Wall has also stationed a strong army, has always threatened by blocking an intruder, the danger of ambush and unable to return home; in particular, the Great Wall strangling the north branch of the Yanshan and Taihang Mountains in all the principal roads nomadic cavalry even if broken off Entering , but only against the Mainland harassment, and their transport logistics simply can not come through the pass, and could not foothold in the Mainland, thus shaking the foundation of the Chinese Empire. Ringworm scabies of the disease re-re, but also less invasive Gao Huang, which is the fundamental significance of the Great Wall there.

The role of the Great Wall

Xiong Zhi earth to the Great Wall in northern China as an intermediary posed by the North-South wide geographic area, the Great Wall zone, across the current, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and Jilin, Heilongjiang, Qinghai , Xinjiang and other provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) and a considerable part of the region, but also in this historical period, the Mongolian People’s Republic and the Korean peninsula a number of areas. Hundreds of kilometers north-south width of its scope and even thousands of kilometers from east to west about thousands of kilometers. The Great Wall has lived with since the ancient times with a large number of ethnic groups and their mutual relations, is to observe and understand the Great Wall with the key to everything.
In the course of historical development, the Great Wall with the ancient nation, some disappeared, some new integration of ethnic another generation, they are with today’s distributed in the Great Wall more than 20 nationalities with a close relationship between the origin. Whether or have disappeared since the continued development of all peoples, all of China’s historical development has made important contributions.
The Great Wall is China’s development of relations between the product of ancient people, but for the Great Wall north-south ethnic relations of the inner law of development research is not sufficient. Summarized existing research results, broaden the field of study, the Great Wall of China reveals the intrinsic link the development of ethnic relations, for the Great Wall, ethnology and the Chinese ethnic relations research and development of such disciplines as history, for the promotion of national unity has an important practical significance and important theoretical research value.

Great Wall Technology

China’s special geographical location and topographical features posed by the geographical environment, climate characteristics, determines the ancient Chinese mainland economy, culture and things that can be divided into two main areas and three zones of the natural north-south layout. Something that the two zones north Xing’an by Yanshan, Yin Shan, Helan Mountain, Minshan to the cross-sectional line Mountains, east of the agricultural economic development in the region, the West is animal husbandry (small rooms have valley or oasis agriculture) economic development area . 3 with the Qinling Mountains in the south of the Huaihe River as the paddy fields, agriculture, economic development zone; Qinling Mountains in the north of the Huaihe River to the Yin Mountains, south and north-east, Yanshan plain dry crops, agricultural economic development zone, north of Yin Shan, Helan Mountains to the west of the economic development of animal husbandry zone. Two districts with three natural layout, composition of ancient China in agriculture, animal husbandry and the two economic and cultural types. Includes the entire Great Wall with the economic development of rainfed agriculture and animal husbandry with most of the economic development zone, constitutes a complete stand-alone economies. Economy to the agricultural economy based on agriculture, animal husbandry is an important complement to the two economies are interdependent and complement each other. Culture to culture as the leading farming, agriculture, animal husbandry and mutual penetration and absorption of the two cultures, and constantly convergence and radiation. In the course of historical development, agriculture, first developed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the entire China’s agricultural economy and culture, Fuxin, and become the country’s economic and cultural convergence center. Animal husbandry in the whole economic area, since the Xing’an west Yinshan steppes of Inner Mongolia, north, by virtue of exceptional conditions for the development of animal husbandry into economic and cultural Fuxin. Wall sit fall of these two economic and cultural interchange Fuxin’s natural, it is certainly a product of the economic development foundation. Great Wall not only will be two kinds of economic, cultural and separated, in turn two kinds of economic, cultural and unite together.
Today, the Great Wall has lost its military purpose, and more to realize the Chinese nation, spiritual, inspiring sons and daughters of Chinese people to defend the Chinese nation. At the same time I also witnessed the Chinese people to unite this land of hard work ahead, and describe Compose a glorious miracle.

Ethnic relations with the Great Wall

The Great Wall with the ancient economy, culture and structure and ethnic composition of the ancient pattern, determines the agricultural economy in ancient China region and the livestock industry concentrated expression of the relationship between the economic area on the Great Wall line, its agricultural economy, culture and animal husbandry economic and cultural unity of opposites is also start line along the Great Wall. To adapt the ancient ethnic problems in China are also concentrated on the Great Wall line, performance is unusually prominent, both inter-ethnic alliances and communication – political, economic, and cultural – is the struggle between ethnic groups – the military and political – are along the Great Wall line to start it for the formation and development of the main ethnic groups, the main ethnic and the Great Wall with the relationship between the various ethnic groups, as well as the formation and development of the entire Chinese nation, have played an important role. This is due to an ancient Chinese economic system is divided into two, agricultural economics and animal husbandry economy determined the unity of opposites.
The Great Wall with the economic, cultural, and development of the unity of opposites
Agriculture and animal husbandry are two different modes of production, agriculture and the needs for personnel to settle in a stable production, while livestock grazing were up in the flow, two modes of production have their own different characteristics, so in agriculture, animal husbandry and the two types of economic, culture, since ancient times contradictory aspects. The unity of livestock production and non-stability, so that there is a strong dependence on agriculture, but also often result in two kinds of economic and cultural imbalances, a serious confrontation. The tribes also retain the ancient pastoral soldiers are the people cluster of social organization, it is easy to form a military advantage, and sometimes into the agricultural areas, looting, causing great damage to agricultural areas. Great Wall’s construction and existence, it played into agriculture, animal husbandry and the two nations isolated from the national grazing animal husbandry in order to enhance the anti-interference ability, so they can not easily succeed, and thus help protect Central Plains region, and advanced agricultural economy mode of production, productivity and beneficial to the community development and accumulation of feudal civilization. Since the Qin and Han to Ming, control of the Central Plains of the successive rulers, the majority have made use of the powerful agricultural society organized forces continue to build the Great Wall, at the same time along with a large-scale migration to the Great Wall, the construction of transport corridors, open up a new frontier of regional initiatives, promote Central Plains regional economic, and cultural development. As regards access to the Western Regions of the Hexi Corridor transport pore open up, an extension of the Great Wall, so that an animal is divided into two economies and weakened the nomads of the Central Plains agricultural areas, the threat to the Central Plains agricultural areas and agricultural areas in southern Xinjiang to become a unity links . With the development of history, this in turn form a channel for connecting Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia and Europe, Africa and an important hub for the corridor to become Western economic and cultural exchanges and the domestic east and west of the national economy, cultural exchanges and radiation is extremely important transmission lines. All of these, for the Central Plains economic and cultural development and proliferation of providing a wide range of opportunities.
More importantly, agriculture, animal husbandry and the two major economic and cultural interdependence exists between the type, need each other and mutually reinforcing relationship. Both the needs of the agricultural economy of animal husbandry to provide themselves with farming, transportation of the animal and horses, livestock, furs, precious medicinal materials such as animal and material resources, but also a continuing need to sell livestock economic zone agricultural and sideline products and handicrafts, so that livestock economies to become an important economic area of agriculture commodity markets; while animal husbandry economy requires not only the agricultural economy in the provision of food, cloth and iron, copper, tin, gold, silver, pottery and other crafts, but also the need to sell their fur, medicinal herbs, etc. product, this will facilitate the exchange of the two economies in trade along the Great Wall of front-line continuously. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Great Wall along many of the barrier, down in history as agriculture, animal husbandry and the two major economic and cultural system, the national trade places or centers, plus the special circumstances of looting between nations, so that agricultural and animal husbandry products along the distribution along the Great Wall, the Great Wall will become the nation’s largest first-line trading market and material supply and demand, distribution bases. In the course of historical development, many crossing gradually developed into an important town along the Great Wall. Can be seen, the Great Wall not only ensure the agricultural economy, culture and animal husbandry economy, culture, normal development, but also for the two exchanges and complement each other to provide a forum and convenience; also play a mediating two kinds of economy, so agriculture and animal husbandry economy into the direction interaction with the direction of the primary and secondary development of an important role in this sense, the Great Wall is in agriculture, animal husbandry and economic convergence line. Therefore, the Great Wall is not simply who played the two kinds of economic, cultural and separating the role, more importantly, had also charged with two kinds of economic and cultural links with the task.

Cultural heritage of the Great Wall

Great Wall – Miracle in human history

The length of a continuous construction of the Great Wall, engineering, large volume, the construction of the difficult historical and cultural connotation of the rich world is indeed difficult to match the ancient works. The great pioneer of modern Chinese democratic revolution, Sun Yat-sen reviews the Great Wall, said: “China’s most famous works are The Great Wall is also. … … Works great, the ancient no relevant sections, one of the wonders of the world alone.” Former U.S. President Richard Nixon visited the Great Wall, said: “Only a great nation, in order to come to such a great build the Great Wall.” So, the Great Wall as a miracle of human history, 1987 was included in the “World Heritage List”, a well-deserved.
Such a vast project, not only in China is in the world, is unique and, therefore, a few hundred years ago and the Roman Colosseum, Leaning Tower of Pisa and so forth as one of the Eight Wonders of the world’s Middle Ages.

Great Walll Cultural treasures

Great Wall from the Spring and Autumn begun, and with China over 2,000 years of feudal society moving. As we all know, a long history of civilization in ancient China, feudal society is the most abundant of the most-hui welding chapter covered the feudal society, a major political, economic, and cultural aspects of historical events, the Great Wall were laid a mark on the body. Armored cavalry, fight for the throne strong field, regime change, ethnic wars and so on are reflected in the Great Wall found. The Great Wall as a historical monument in kind will be the land of China hydrology. Hidden in the body of the Great Wall 2,000 years brilliant Chinese culture and art is very rich in content, in addition to wall off the city, town, city, beacon towers and so on its own construction layout, modeling, carving, painting and other architectural art, he also made there are poetry, folk literature, drama and other hip-hop. Ages do not know how many emperors, frontier Shizu, man of letters, poems, famous for the Great Wall has left an immortal chapter. Frontier fortress poetry has become an important genre of classical literature. Such as Li Bai’s “Wings on tens of thousands of years, blow-degree yumenguan,” Wang Changling’s “Moon Han Guan Qin, Long March has not also,” Wang Wei’s “persuaded Jun more into a glass of wine, and west, Yang Guan no reason people,” Cen Shen’s “suddenly, such as spring night years, pear trees Trees 10000 Open” and other famous, golden widely read without a break. Meng Jiangnu to send warm clothing in the lyrics still widely sung. Patriotic education sites, tourist attractions with its towering majesty of the Great Wall, a strong physique, a strong symbol of the indomitable spirit of the Chinese nation, the perseverance to overcome difficulties. This spirit will always inspire us to move forward. Tourism is not just a sightseeing tour, but is also both a strong body, increasing knowledge, contacts and to carry out economic activities such as friendship, comprehensive functions.
After new China was founded, the party and the country attached great importance to tourism development, especially since the reform and opening up the development of the tourism industry is one of the priorities as a government, beautiful natural scenery, rich cultural heritage and rich multi-ethnic culture and the arts , there is a strong pillar of tourism with Chinese characteristics. Great Wall with its meandering twists and turns and ups and downs of the figure Pentium earth dotted with beautiful rivers and mountains of China to make it more Xiongqi magnificent. It is both culturally rich cultural heritage, but also a unique natural landscape. In the tourism and opening up, the Great Wall has a unique advantage. Today, visitors at home and abroad to “see the Great Wall of non-hero” is a poem to express himself on board the Great Wall must be a long list of Chinese civilization, and majestic scenery the mood is entirely understandable. Former British Prime Minister Heath during a visit to the Great Wall, said: “China’s past and future are equally charismatic. … … Arrived at the Great Wall, I felt more than in the past from the pictures, embroidery and painting on the Great Wall to see more spectacular of the . ” This is demonstrated in person on board the Great Wall to tourists sightseeing in mind. Gousse Xiongguan keep the old tracks, Kyushu Chuang Sheng-shaped mountains and rivers, towering Great Wall will work with the vast land of forever, will be forever in the world civilization.

The Great Wall merits and demerits of historical figures

2000 years of Qin Shi Huang was mostly regarded as a tyrant, people criticized him Fenshukengru, repair the Great Wall, the widespread construction of palaces, massive construction projects; But there are also praised him as “an emperor through the ages,” sure that he opened the Bureau of uniform, uniform weights and measures lay the contribution of the Chinese territory. So, Qin Shi Huang, or whether the tyrant is also an emperor through the ages it? In fact, this is your point of view from which to evaluate him. Angle varying assessments differ sharply.
In fact, we in the evaluation of a person, it should definitely “human” character was three-dimensional, that personality is multifaceted and can not be one-sided to draw conclusions, evaluation of the emperor, too. We often say that Great Wall of Chin Shih Huang Xiu-built palace, a waste of resources, but in the Qin Dynasty that era, construction technology developed, such as the Great Wall to be built as a military defense, we did not use a large number of people’s strength, will you? Although painful for the people, but for the Qin Dynasty built a strong line of defense against the invasion of the Huns, also provide the basis for later ages, it can not be said to be those?
The Qin Dynasty Great Wall in eastern Gansu Province, Gansu Province was the largest since the dawn of history to create a construction activity, but also the people of the Qin Dynasty in Gansu, when one of the largest manpower, material and financial expenditures. The western section of the Qin Great Wall built in the eastern part of Gansu for the protection of socio-economic stability and development played a positive role.

At that time, Wei, Zhao, Chu, Qi, Yan, Qin some other countries have built over the Great Wall.

Great Wall, a large-scale structure on the universe of astronomy terms. Two astronomers at the time indicated that out of the Great Wall of astronomy, from a full Earth’s galaxy 200 million light years away.
Therefore, the present is generally believed that large-scale structure of the universe as a bubble-shaped, hollow structure that is the universe.
However, “the” Great Wall of how long or wide, thick, at present it is not known, because they are a large number of cosmic dust and cosmic gas block, so that can not be observed. See the big graviton.
Bubble-like structure on the Great Wall and the origin of the current one of the assumptions and dark matter (dark matter) about.

Great Walls are orange lines, color photographs from the left top of the Department of rolling in the end.

But now, we are in space, using the naked eye can not see the Great Wall.
Alias the Great Wall
2000 years, Chinese from all historical records in the construction of the Great Wall and the Great Wall, the name used by many different –
Square City: used only in the state of Chu during the Spring and Autumn.

Cyprus, the Cypriot-Yuan, Wai in the history books used in Sierra Leone to “force” the word in many areas, in general there are two meanings: First, that mark strategic pass, and second, that the Great Wall.

Trenches, and boundary trench trenches is a form of building the Great Wall, while the trench is the gold sector, a special word on behalf of the Great Wall.
Ancient China, many parts of the Central Plains between the geographic and ethnic minorities as “borderland,” in this area will be built in Ming Dynasty Great Wall called the “sidewall” or “edge-Yuan.”
Shanhaiguan Great Wall

Hongwu fourteen years (1381), the generals set up Aboriginal select Xu Da Wei.
There are four main city gates, and there are several ancient defensive structure, is a relatively complete Chengguan defense.

Great Wall Related legend

With regard to Qi Great Wall, ancient historical documents, there are many documented.
For those who dug the wall for the field, stole the wall stones, throw garbage, trampled lie walls, daub walls and other man-made acts of vandalism must be stopped.

Qi Trinidad which has been the Great Wall 2,500 years ago. It symbolizes the Chinese nation, invulnerable forever known to the world the will and strength, the pride of the Chinese nation, but also the pride of humanity as a whole.
Don Wall

It is learned that, Mudanjiang side-wall was approved in 2006, declared as a national key cultural relics protection units.

Climbed the Great Wall here, you can occupy a commanding position, overlooking the magnificent view of mountains.
Beijing’s famous attractions Great Wall is one of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall in its essence. Mutianyu Great Wall has a unique style of building, here watch tower intensive, strategically located and difficult passes, the City on both sides are Embrasure.

Shanhaiguan Great Wall is now within the length of 26 km, including: the old leading the Great Wall, Great Wall, South Wing, Guan City, Great Wall, the north wing of the Great Wall, Great Wall, Cape Mount, three off the Great Wall and the nine other locations outside the Great Wall.
What you see now within the city of Chengguan mainly formed by the loess Ben Zhu, outside package to bricks, solid majesty.

The southern tip of danger from its peak in the cliff, the direction and self-Shanhaiguan phase from the Great Wall. “City walk on water, the water flow in the town.” It is the image of the Great Wall on the front nine descriptions.

Tian an men Square is located in the center of Beijing city, where you can visit Tiananmen Tower, Monument to the Heroes of the Republic, the Great Hall of the People, Mao Zedong Memorial Hall and see the national flag raising ceremony. Thousands of people come on the field every day. It is a must visit in the city of Beijing.

Tiananmen Square

Tiananmen Tower

At the north end of the Tian an men Square is Tiananmen Tower. It was built in 1417 during the Ming Dynasty (1368 A.D.- 1644 A.D.)

Monument Monument to People’s Heroes

The granite Monument to People’s Heroes is only in the middle of Tiananmen Square. Built in 1952, is the largest monument in the history of China. “Hero of the people are immortal”, written by Chairman Mao is engraved on the monument. Eight unusually large relief to show the people the development of modern Chinese history. Two rows of white marble railings around the monument, simple and beautiful.

Great Hall of the People

The Great Hall of the People (Chinese pinyin: Renmin Dàhuìtáng) is located on the western edge of Tiananmen Square in Beijing’s People’s Republic of China, and for the laws and ceremonial activities of the People’s Republic of China and the Communist Party of China. It works like the People’s Republic Parliament building in China.

Chairman Mao Memorial Hall

The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall ( Chinese Pinyin: Mao Zhǔxí Jìniàntáng), is best known as the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong, or Mao’s Mausoleum, the final resting place of Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 1943 and president of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from 1945 until his death.

National Museum of China

The National Museum of China (Chinese: Zhōngguó bówùguǎn) flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The museum’s mission is to educate about art and history of China. It is headed by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of China.

Tianmen Flag Raising

Five Star Red Flag, the Chinese national flag flying high in the sky above the square. To see  the honor guard raise  flag here, is a must for tourists visiting the city of Beijing. You need to get up early and arrived at the Tiananmen square. The only way you can clearly see the ceremony, as crowds of people attending. The flag ceremony is opened daily.

Visit Tiananmen Square

Visit Tian an men Square by subway

Visit Tian an men Square by bus

Tiananmen Tower

Tiananmen Tower

Tiananmen Tower was built in 1417 during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). During this dynasty, and follows the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The most important use of it in the past was to declare in a big ceremony to the common people who became the emperor and who became the empress. Until 1911 when the last feudal kingdom was over, no one could enter the Tower except for the royal family and aristocrats. Today tourists were allowed to the tower, but must with tickets may climb. It has five columns, archways and nine Halls. With finely carved white marble on the floor and yellow tiles on the roof, the tower is quite dazzling. Under the tower clear Jinshui River flows through the seven bridges are exquisitely hill, called the Golden Water Bridge.

Stand in the place where the central axis of Beijing City, Chang’an Street, meet at the north end of Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Tower is the symbol of modern China and in the  emblem  of the People’s Republic of China.The Tiananmen Tower was the front gate of the Forbidden City during the Ming and Qing dynasties.  top

The building is 66 meters long, 37 meters wide and 32 meters. It consists of a platform and a tower. The tower is located on the platform with five arched entrances. As the largest of five is used as the center of the arch specific portion of the Ming and Qing emperors, while the aisles are small, they are busy and the posts of ministers and officials. Above the door hangs a large portrait of Maozedong on the east and west sides of these two large posters, reading from left to right: “Long live the People’s Republic of China”, reading from right: “Long live the great unity peoples of the world. “Before the Gate of Heavenly Peace is the golden bridge of water over the bridges at 7 in finely carved white marble. Same as the arch bridge, the central bridge and the largest was reserved for the emperor . Before the arch are two central portal and a pair of stone pillars, called Huabiao, each weighing 10 tonnes to around 10m. The two columns are curved dragon, with a pet “Wangtianhou” on top as decoration. At the door There are two lions and two more guarding the bridges. The Lions are supposed to protect people against evil spirits in Chinese culture. On both sides of stone lions, a study has found. In the south of Tiananmen Square No. 1, Street Beijing, Chang’an Street extended further south, which is the greatest place in the world, Tiananmen Square. The tower is located on the platform is a structure with roof and double eaved yellow tiles. It is composed of 9 bays wide and 5 bays, which shows the domination of the emperor.

Tiananmen

Stone Pillar TiananmenConstructed the reign of Ming Emperor Yongle in 1420, the tower was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Originally it was a three-storey girders in the form of imperial buildings Paifang accept appointed Chengtianmen (Gate of Heavenly Mandate). In 1457 she was damaged by lightning and was burned. Eight years later, Tiananmen Square has been rebuilt as a large bay-wide and three-bay gatehouse deep. In 1644, the seventeenth year of the reign of Emperor Chongzhen been accepted (1627-1644), the gate of the heavenly mandate, another blow to the war. It was directed by rebels who attacked Li Zicheng Beijing burned. In 1661, the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Shunzhi (1644-1661) of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the gate was given its present name during a massive restructuring completed a term of six years . The Chinese name of the Gate of Heavenly Peace, is composed of three Chinese characters “Heaven”, “peace” and “door”, ie the translated version of “The Gate of Heavenly Peace.” To be more specific name is derived from much longer term, “the mandate of heaven derivatives and stabilization of the dynasty. He was then twice the reconstruction of Tiananmen in 1688 and 1952 separately. After standing over 500 years, greatly alters the door, and it was then rebuilt in 1970. The external appearance of the guard remains the same as it was in 1651, however, over 83 inches than the original height of 33.87m to 34.7m .

Since November 1987 Gate of Heavenly Peace began to be open to the public and common people can speak on Tiananmen Square, and look earlier in Tiananmen Square that heads of state. It has always been a temptation for the tons of tourists from around the world.

Tiananmen Sightseeing

Tiananmen Square Sightseeing

Tiananmen Tower Sightseeing

The fee for the visit of the Tiananmen Tower

CNY 15 for adults; CNY 5 for students and those who live to age 70, free for active military

Tiananmen Tower Opening hours:

08:30 am to 17:00pm

Tips: Tourists will visit the tower, are not allowed to carry bags.

Monument to People’s Heroes

Monument to the People’s Heroes stands in the middle of Tiananmen Square. Construction began in August 1951 and the monument was finally erected in April 1958 and was built the first major monument in socialist China. The marble and granite columns stands almost 38 meters (125 feet) and gilded calligraphy that Chairman Mao, “he said Eternal glory to the heroes of the people” on the north side. The basic structure of reliefs represent the major revolutionary events and the monument as calligraphy by Zhou Enlai in place.

The Monument to People’s Heroes stands at north of the Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao. Four hundred and sixty-three meters south of Tiananmen Tower, four hundred forty yards north of Qianmen, it coincides with a north-south central. Monument to the People’s Heroes, Tiananmen and Qianmen to form a complex harmonious and unified construction.

On September 30, 1949, the Conference has completed the first political advisor of the China People talk about the idea of building a monument to the heroes of the people in modern Chinese in Beijing, capital of China. A 6 clock the same day, the ground-dedication ceremony was held at which delegates to the leadership of Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Political Bureau of Chinese Communist Party in 1943 and President of the Central Committee Communist Party of China from 1945to 1976, the inauguration ceremony, the cornerstone of the monument. The construction of the monument was created August 1, 1952 began April 22, 1958 ended. On May 1, 1958 was the opening ceremony held. In 1961 she was designated as protected by all the relics of China.

Monument to the People’s Heroes is a square building with an area of 3,000 square meters. It consists of three parts, the body, the Buddhist-style base and base, the expansion of the size of 37.94m. The body of the monument was stacked with 413 pieces of granite stone in 32 layers. In the middle of the north face of the monument, a complete piece of stone, 14.7 m long and 2.9 m wide and 1 m thick, with glazed inscription: “Eternal glory to the heroes of the people!” of Mao Zedong. The south side of the memorial is written by 7 pieces of stone with an inscription of the project of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the first Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of China is that of October 1949 set up its death in January 1976. From east and west side of the monument are engraved with patterns of stars with five branches, pine and flags. top

The body of the monument is located on two levels of Buddhist-style bases. The top is carved with a small sample of eight rings of peony, lotus, chrysanthemum and other flowers together. The background is great with ten white marble bas-relief, the fight against eight, reflecting the revolutionary events in modern Chinese history. Chronologically, they are “burning opium in Humen Town,” “Jintian Uprising” on the east side, Wuchang Uprising, “” May Fourth Movement “,” May 30th Movement of 1925 “on the south side” , Nanchang movement Anti-Japanese War “on the west side and” Campaign of the Changjiang River Crossing on the north side of the forehead (). Campaign to cross the Yangtze River “on the front is the largest among the ten, two decorative works,” The support of the frontline “and” Welcome to the People’s Liberation Army “. The ten reliefs, with more than 170 characters are 2m high, 2 to 6.4 m wide and reaches a total length of 40.68m. The base is in two sections, divided 50.44m from east to west and 61.5 meters from south to north. In the upper and lower one is a place surrounded by columns and stairways.

The monument is inscribed inscription on the south side of Zhou Enlai, as follows:
Eternal glory to the heroes of the people who gave their lives during the people’s war and revolution to the liberation of the people over the last three years!
Eternal glory to the heroes of the people who gave their lives during the people’s war and revolution to the liberation of the people over the last thirty years!
Eternal glory to the heroes of the people who left in 1840, his life in many battles against enemies internal and external for national independence, freedom and well-being of the people!
(Note: These last three years “refers to the Liberation War of China (1946-1949), the” thirty years “refers to the New Democratic Revolution, the May Fourth Movement of 1919 to the end of the Revolution in 1949, and “after 1840″ refers to the global struggle of the Chinese people against the internal and external conflicts different from the beginning of the Opium Wars to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China.

Great Hall of the People

The Great Hall of the People in the west of Tian’anmen Square, south of West Chang’an Avenue. It is where the National People’s Congress takes place and this is the place for heads of state and mass of the staging of political and diplomatic activities.

This building, 1959 built, activities.Twelve the place of the meetings of the National Congress of Communist China and offers an impressive place for other positions of political and diplomatic marble front of the room that has three parts – the Central Hall, Grand Auditorium — and a banquet Hall.The the central hall floor is marble and crystal lamps hang from the ceiling plastered. The large space behind the Central Hall seats 10,000. The banquet hall is a huge hall with 5,000 seats.Tourists Tiananmen Square

Great Hall of the People History

The Great Hall of the People was built in September 1959. It was one of “ten great constructions” ready for the 10th Anniversary of the People’s Republic of China. It was built in 10 months by volunteers.

The Great Hall of the People, was one of “ten great constructions” Completed in celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, built in just 10 months from October 1958 to September 1959. Facing East The hall has an area of 150,000 square meters, 336m long from south to north, 206m from east to west and 46.5m high. The building in the Great Hall of the People reached 171,800 square meters, bigger than the Forbidden City, where the highest among the structures of the space in the world. top

Great Hall of the People Architecture

The Great Hall of the People adopts 山 “form as the crow flies, central higher than the two side wings, doors on all four sides. The main entrance of the hall is the great eastern gate, the lintel, the confrontation with the national emblem PRC.The Great Hall of the people was designed by Zhang Bo. The building covers 171,800 square meters (1,849,239 square meters) of the surface is 356 meters long and 206.5 meters in width. Peak Center to 46.5 meters. On the roof of the main gate blocking the State Emblem of the People’s Republic of China.

The Great Hall of the People consists of three sections. The middle section consists mainly of the Great Auditorium, the auditorium, the Palais des Congrès (SCPCC Standing Committee meets in the conference), the Central Hall, the Golden Hall and other large rooms. The northern part consists of the banquet hall of the State, the Salute State Guest Hall, North Hall, Middle Hall, West Hall and other magnificent halls. The southern part is the office building of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Each province, Special Administrative Region, Autonomous Region of China has its own space in the Great Hall, hall, such as Beijing, Hong Kong and Taiwan Hall Hall. Each room has unique characteristics of the province and is decorated in local style.
The ceiling of the auditorium of the Great Hall of the People

The large room, with a volume of 90,000 cubic meters and 3693 seats in the lower hall, 3515 on the balcony, 2518 in the gallery and 300 to 500 on the platform. State and government representatives to make their speeches and too much of their business. It is also the headquarters of 10,000 representatives. The ceiling is decorated with a galaxy of lights, with a large red star is the center of the ceiling, and a model of a wave of water is the people in the vicinity. Its facilities equipped with audio-visual systems and other sizes in a variety of meetings and procedures. Simultaneous interpretation is also a state of the language provided.

The State Room, with a total area of 7,000 square meters, can host 7000 guests, and up to 5,000 people can dine at a time (as is done during the visit of Richard Nixon in China in 1972). Small meetings can be held in the auditorium, with large groups with the use of one or more conference rooms, the Golden Hall and North Hall, and small meetings in one or more houses conference rooms, over 30, named after provinces and regions in China .

Great Hall of the People Internal structures

The Great Hall of the People is divided into three sections. The central portion consists primarily of the Great Auditorium and the central pavilion. The northern part consists of the banquet hall of the State, the Salute State Guest Hall and other magnificent halls. The southern part is the office building of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Each province, Special Administrative Region or the autonomous region of China has its own space in the Great Hall, such as Hall, Beijing, Hong Kong and Taiwan Hall Hall. Each room has unique characteristics of the province and is decorated in local style.

Central Auditorium and Great Hall

Entering the East Gate, past two rooms, we reach the central hall. Covering an area of 3,600 square meters, the main hall has marble floors and colorful walls. Six major goals are in the central hall of the Great Auditorium. In the heart of the Great Hall, the auditorium of the Grand 60m deep, from east to west, 76 meters wide from south to north and 33m high. Fan-shaped, the dais is visible everywhere. The Great Auditorium-3693 seats in the lower hall, 3515 on the balcony, 2518 in the gallery and 300 to 500 on the platform, with as much as 10,000 representatives in total. The hall is equipped with a lower electrical devices are available for simultaneous translation in 12 languages. The roof is surrounded with a ruby decorated as big as stars of a galaxy of lights. top

Salute State Guest Hall and State Banquet Hall

Entering through the north gate, past two rooms, we arrive at the Guildhall. With an area of 4,500 square meters, the company room is paved with slabs of marble. In the east, the guest of State meeting hall and function rooms in the western state of the user’s Hall, is taken as the sites for leaders and invited state banquet. To the south lies a large scale with 62 white marble steps to the ballroom of the state. At the upper end of the scale, the Salute State Guest Hall, the place for state and take pictures to remember was the score before the meal. Most traditional Chinese painting of the Great Hall, Jiangshanruciduojiao (literally means “Beauty is the land”), is placed in space, the user Salute state. The State Room is located on the second floor. With total area of 7,000 square meters, it can cater to 7000 guests, and up to 5,000 persons at one time, eat like this during the visit of Richard Nixon in China in 1972.

Usage for the Great Hall of the People

Great Room Great Room VolksfeindDie of the people is the political center of Beijing and the home of the Congress of the National People’s Army. Every year in March, welcomed the Great Hall of the People Hui Liang, literally means “two sessions” (Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and the National People’s Congress) event. Representatives of the two sessions will meet in the meetings from two to three weeks in the auditorium of the Grande. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) also holds its national congress every five years in the Great Hall of the People. This enormous building is open to the public during the national conference is not in session, and visitors will be displayed in a choice of routes. In recent years, some were non-political conventions and also held concerts in the Great Hall.

Great Hall of the People Admission:

RMB 30 (adults), RMB 15 (students)

Great Hall of the People Opening Times:

09.00 at 14:00 Clock (January February March December), 08.15 until 15.00 clock (April May June) 07.30 at 16:00 Clock (July August) 08: 30 to 15:00 clock (Spe. Oct. Nov.)

Chairman Mao Memorial Hall

Chairman Mao Memorial Hall  is the place on the south side. This space is divided into three halls and our dear Chairman Mao’s body lies spread in a glass coffin in a room surrounded by fresh bouquets of various famous flowers and grasses.

The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall (Mausoleum of Mao Zedong, Mao mausoleum), the final resting place of Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 1943 and president of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from 1945 until his death in 1976th To the east of Tiananmen Square is located north of the monument to the heroic People’s Party, is the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall on the former site of the Gate of China) (Zhonghuamen. The foundation stone of the building was laid in November 1976, when the inauguration ceremony held on September 1977. The Chairman Mao Mausoleum  Hall covers an area of 57.2 thousand square meters, 220m from east to west and 280m from south to north. Has faced over the main entrance of the mausoleum, a white marble slab with the words of gold: “The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. Forty-four granite posts are on the large granite slab Burgundy, held the Golden Roof eaved double glazing.

Although Mao wished to be cremated, his body was embalmed and the construction of a mausoleum began shortly after his death. This popular attraction is in the middle of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the capital of China. On this page, even the gate of China stood (in the South Main) Gate of the Imperial City during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

The remains of the Great Helmsman, as he is sometimes called, are exposed to the public. The people in line for hundreds of meters (tens of meters) per day, to see the former president, a good tribute to him with flowers, on be hired entrance on the north side. There is a souvenir shop at the exit on the south side.

The Construction

The mausoleum was shortly after the death of Mao built on (September 9, 1976). The opening ceremony was the 24th November 1976, and the mausoleum was completed 24th May 1977. Hua Guofeng, who supervised the project of the mausoleum has his hand on the sign of the mausoleum.

Developed by China Pictorial, No. 9, 1977, people across China and built the mausoleum. Material in all of China was used for construction: granite, Sichuan Province, China plates in Guangdong Province, Pine Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, has the seeds of the grapes Tian Shan mountain views Xinjiang Autonomous Region, home of the Tangshan catastrophe, colored Nanjing rocks, milk quartz Kunlun Mountains, pine logs from the province of Jiangxi, and rock samples from Mount Everest. Water and sand on the Taiwan Strait have also helped to symbolize the People’s Republic of China on Taiwan to stress claims. 700,000 people from various provinces, autonomous regions and nations do voluntary work symbolically. It was closed for renovations for 9 months and re-opened 20th September 2007

The Crystal Coffin

Projects into manufacture a crystal coffin was scattered throughout the development of indigenous enterprises in China, and at last was assigned to the 608th Work. 608. The factory was originally the 2nd Factory shows, and was famous for its good quality products. In 1976 the factory became one of the few in China equipped with advanced imported equipment and a central computer. Mao glasses and contact lenses have been in this factory in the factory director, Mr. Cai Dengyuan, who was a famous eye doctor / optician before undertaking. The Communist Party secretary of the factory was Mr. Wang Zhuqian. The design was a political task, and began immediately after the order is received. Only two days after receipt of the fax has been completed the design, and built 1:4 scale plastic model was shortly after.

In order to eliminate the glare and the preservation of the greatest strength was the crystal plates are connected at specific angles. Optical Engineer Wang Daheng was involved, and get after many calculations, the optimum angle. It was found that the angle selection was so precise that even without adhesives and not break other connection methods, the plates do not. Tolerances increased to 10 microns (0.00039 inches).

The Court of the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall

Two groups of clay figures showing China’s Revolution, a deadline for the “New Democracy” and the other for the period of socialist construction, stood at the south gate of the architecture. Coincidentally, opposite the north gate are two other lines of clay figures. There are four teams, 62 terracotta figures of 3.5 m. The entire sculpture was completed in 5 months by more than 100 sculptors from 18 provinces of China. Outside the south gate, there are 30 red flags are flying, the 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.

Chairman Mao Memorial Hall

Memorial halls are the main part of the building with two floors.

First floor rooms are north-Great Hall, Memorial Hall and the South Great Hall. The Northern Great Hall is the entrance to Memorial Hall and the space for memorial services. A marble statue of Mao Zedong, 3.45 high, was placed in the middle of the Great Hall of the North. The background of the hall is a silk embroidered mural “to pay the vast country, 23.74m wide and 6.6 m height. Center Memorial Hall is the place, a tribute to Chairman Mao. From the” uniform of the Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong’s body was covered with the flag of the Communist Party of China, sits in a glass coffin. The base of black granite coffin was crystal encrusted on all four sides of the party emblem, the national emblem, the emblem of the Army and the anniversary of Mao Zedong and the day he died. The Great South Hall is from the Memorial Hall. The marble wall on the north has been written with engraved golden “Manjianghong, written by Mao Zedong.

The rooms on the second floor are the rooms in memory of the revolutionary gains Zendong of Comrade Mao, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun and the cinema. Marble statues of the six officers are the focus of six halls of memory with a herd of materials such as photographs and literature placed in her glass extraordinary achievements in the different periods of the Chinese revolution and construction. A documentary film “Huainian” (Miss), reproduction of images of the six leaders, is to be projected in the cinema.

Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Admission:

Free

Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Opening times:

08.00 at 12:00 Clock From Tuesday to Sunday
07.30 at 11.30 clock and 14.00 until 16.00 clock on 9 September (the day when Chairman Mao died) and 26 December (the anniversary of Chairman Mao)

National Museum of China

Another important place for tourists to visit is the National Museum of China on the east side of Tiananmen Square. It just was born in 2003 and is a combination of Chinese History and the Museum of Chinese Revolution. The National Museum faces the Great Hall of the People. The interior of the Museum of Chinese Revolution, most physical objects, paintings, books and models for the development of modern China are present. The History Museum of China shows a large number of cultural relics illustrating the long history and glorious culture of China before 1700000 years until 1921 when the last emperor left the throne.

National Museum of China lies in the east of Tiananmen Square and South-East Chang’an Street, opposite the Great Hall of the People. At the same time was made, were the National Museum of China and the Great Hall of the People, as among the “ten great buildings” for the 10th Anniversary of the People’s Republic of China ended. With an area of 69,000 square meters, the structure is 313m long from south to north and 149m east to west. The central core and two wings of 4 floors, while the rest has 3 floors. At the main entrance, made contributions of a porch 24 squares with Chinese characteristics. The fall of the portal is decorated with the national emblem of the People’s Republic of China flags with red, yellow and red stone grouped. On the basis of the former Museum of Chinese History and the former Museum of Chinese Revolution, the China National Museum is a museum full of ancient Chinese culture and history.

National Museum History

History Museum National History Museum of China developed, which was from 1912 on the campus of Beijing Guozijian built. Later he moved to the Meridian Gate (Wumen) and the Upright Gate (Duanmen) of the Forbidden City. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese government to build a new museum to the east of Tiananmen Square in August 1958. This creates a new structure called the Museum of Chinese history was born in September of next year. top

Museum of the Chinese revolution was born of the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum of the Revolution, was created in March 1950. The preparatory office has been set out in the circular city (Tuancheng), Beihai Park at the beginning and briefly in the Hall of Martial Valor of the Forbidden City or long term. In October 1958 a new building took shape in the east of Tiananmen Square. August 1959 saw the completion of the building. August next year was the time, the Museum of the Chinese revolution has been given, and the Preparatory Office was eliminated. The official opening took place July 1, 1961.

Were in September 1969 Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of Chinese Revolution and the Revolution and the Museum of China. Later they returned to their own building in early 1983. On February 28, 2003, officially opened the National Museum of China. He is now an integrated complex of two museums, the Museum of Chinese Revolution, North and South of the Museum of Chinese History with the central hall as a border.

The museum was reorganized in 2003 into two separate museums that have already occupied the building of the Museum of Chinese Revolution in the north wing and the National Museum of Chinese history in the south wing. The Museum of the Chinese revolution was opened in 1960 and had its origin in the office of the National Museum of the Revolution, founded in 1950. The National Museum of History of China opened its doors in 1959 and established its roots in the history of the National Museum in Beijing, 1949, and the condition of the draft National Museum of History 1912 .

The building was completed in 1959, according to the decade of the communist regime. It complements the adversary Great Hall of the People, which was built at the same time. The structure is located at 65,000 ㎡ and has a length of 313 meters and a height of four storeys with a total front of 40 meters and a width of 149 meters. On the front of eleven square pillars in the middle.

The museum is currently closed for renovation until 2010, when, with 28 new rooms and open more than doubled the previous prior the exhibition space of art and exhibition centers and storage. top

National Museum Major Exhibitions

The History Museum of China covers Chinese history from Male Yuanmou 1.7 million years) until the end of the Qing dynasty (the last imperial dynasty. It is divided into three sections: primitive society (4000 BC), the society of slavery (2,100-475 BC) and divided feudal society (475 BCE-1911 CE).

The National Museum of China contains more than 620,385 cultural artifacts in its permanent collection and the museum displays many rare and valuable Chinese historical artifacts that are not in many other museums in China and around the world.

Some of the largest collections of National Museum of China are the “thing Simuwu” (a type of vessel) of the Shang Dynasty over 3,000 years and a weight has been melted by 832.84, and is the heaviest bronze ancient pottery in the world, the Square Shang Dynasty Bronze Zun (wine vessel) with four heads of sheep, a few large listed Western Zhou Dynasty (11.-century BC – 771 BC) Bronze Pan, gold, bronze inlaid Pointing as a tiger colored decoration of the Qin dynasty, was a Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD), jade burial suit with gold son, and an extensive collection of tri – Sancai glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty.

History Museum of China is an institution for the accommodation of old materials and modern culture and the study of history and scientific problems. The main exhibition of the museum exhibition of Chinese history in Chinese history, including more than 9,000 historical documents human Yuanmou approximately 1,700,000 years before the abdication of the Qing emperor in 1912 . The museum has received hundreds of thousands of tourists from around the world. In addition, the History Museum of China has all kinds of short-term exhibitions on the history, culture and art. Japan, Italy, Greece and Egypt, showed their national treasures in this museum.

Museum of Chinese Revolution houses modern and contemporary revolutionary relics since the first Opium War (or the first Anglo-Chinese) in 1840, as more than 100 years of development in China from 1840 to the founding of the Republic People of China in 1949. It is the museum’s collection with the most powerful relics of modern and contemporary history of China at present. The most important exhibitions of the Museum of the Chinese revolution are modern and contemporary China. In addition, it presents thematic exhibitions cooperation with commemorative events and the need of society.  top

The Museum of Chinese Revolution covers the period of the history of the Republic of China to the founding of the People’s Republic of China and down.

National Museum Billboard Countdown

Since 1990 the Chinese government has launched a billboard countdown opposite the National Museum of China Town to salute the important events and remind the public mind. On December 19, 1994, was founded in the tenth year after the signing of the Sino-British joint panel of the countdown for the resumption of Chinese sovereignty in Hong Kong and the zero hour of the 1st of July 1997. Later, May 5, 1998 was the billboard countdown for the resumption of Chinese sovereignty of Macau is set to zero and the time the 20th was arrested in December 1999. The 6 clock September 21, 2004, Beijing Olympic Committee has started the billboard countdown is left for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games August 8, 2008. The last poster is a countdown to Expo 2010 Shanghai.

National Museum Exhibitions

National Museum of China is now closed for reconstruction and estimated to open in the second half of 2010 again. To celebrate the 60th Anniversary of the PRC, the main display is the way to rejuvenate the National Museum of China in the early hours of the morning of 25 September After12 clock and were deprived of receiving tourists. Visit to the road to rejuvenation, tourists must obtain free tickets at the box office on the east side of the north gate. In addition, the National Museum of China will hold exhibitions on the German cultural relics of three major museums in Germany in 2010.

Exposition on the path of rejuvenation

National Museum  Admission:

Free

National Museum Open House:

Sep.25, 2009 to November 29, 2009 (from September, 28 closed until Oct.2)

National Museum Opening hours:

daily from 09:00 to 17:00
(Tickets issued at 16:00, last entry at 16:15)

National Museum Service Call: 010-65116188

National Museum Complaint Call: 010-65116400

Tiananmen Flag Raising

2010 Timetable for Tiananmen Flag Raising

Visit Tiananmen Square

Visit Tiananme Square by Subway:

Metro Line 1: Stop at Tiananmen Square Tiananmen East or West Station.

Subway Line 2: Qianmen Station and walk north.

Visit Tiananmen  by Bus :

Take bus No. 1, 5, 10, 22, 37, 52, 205, 728 or 802 and get off at Tiananmen Square.

Take bus No. 1, 2, 10, 20, 37, 52, 59, 82, 120, 126, 203, 205, 210, 728 or 802 and get off at Tiananmen East.

Take bus No. 2, 5, 8, 20, 22, 120, 126, 203 or 210 and get off at Tiananmen Square.

Take bus No. 2, 5, 20, 120, 126 or 210 and get off at Tiananmen Square.

Beijing bus / Beijing subway

• Forbidden City

• ( 故宫 Gù Gōng, also known as the Palace Museum ). Get there when the gates open (around 8.30AM) if you want to walk through the vast and spectacular courtyards in relative peace. This is truly the spot to appreciate the might and grandeur of the Imperial Chinese court during the height of its power in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Despite the transformation of the city around it, the Forbidden City remains mercifully relatively untouched. There are a handful of cafes and gift shops. Only two-fifths of the area of the palace is opened. You can rent an audio guided tour which explains certain temples and their uses for ¥40 with a ¥100 deposit (more than a dozen languages available). The signs posted around and on buildings inside are fairly short and are written in both Chinese and English. You can reach the Forbidden City via subway line 1 to Tiananmen West or Tiananmen East,or by buses lines 1,4,52 and 728. Alternatively, the lines 101,109 and 810 stop at the north gate of Forbidden City. ¥60 for entrance.

• Tiananmen Square

• ( 天安门广场 Tiānānmén Guǎngchǎng ). Largest square in the world. Built by Mao to impress; the square is surrounded by Soviet-style monuments and government buildings, and houses Mao’s mausoleum at the end opposite the entrance to the Forbidden City. It remains an astounding place and a spot to linger and see visitors from all over China, many visiting their capital for the first time. There is a flag raising and lowering ceremony at dawn and dusk. There are 4 marble lions in front of the Tiananmen gate, the northwest one has a bullet hole on its stomach from the 1989 Tianamen Square massacre (the lions are enclosed by fences, making the NW one nearly impossible to see close up). Entrance to the Mausoleum is free but expect huge queues. No bags, cameras or water bottles are allowed inside and must be dropped off (for a fee) at the ‘Bagcheck’ building across the road to the east (mobile phones ok). Flowers can be purchased to lay at the feet of Mao’s statue inside (although they are collected and resold at the end of the day) as well as leaflets for ¥1. There is disagreement among the locals as to whether the body is real or fake waxwork so make up your own mind. Mao souvenirs can be purchased at the exit.

• Temple of Heaven

• ( 天坛 Tiāntán ). Far south east of Qianmen and the Tiananmen Square. Not only a beautiful sight, but also surrounded by a vast public park popular with local residents practicing tai chi, dancing, and so on in the mornings and on weekends. Home to many ancient trees, this is also the greenest place in Beijing. Just a short stroll away from the historical sights will bring you to peaceful woods and, amazingly, solitude (especially toward the West Gate). The temple itself was the site where the emperor prayed every year for good harvests and fair weather. The most convenient way for getting there is taking the Subway Line 5 to the Tiantandongmen Station (this is Tiantan’s East Gate). It also can be reached by buses 2, 7, 17, 20, 110, 120, 803, 814, 826 to the West Gate (天坛西门 Tiāntán Xīmén ); or buses 35 and 106 to the North Gate (天坛北门 Tiāntán Běimén ). Park and historical sights (like the temple) ¥35, park only ¥15 .

• Summer Palace

• ( 颐和园 Yíhéyuán ). Extensive gardens and the ruins of palaces constructed by the Qing emperors. Most visitors stay in the front hill area, but if you prefer quiet places, the west bank and back hill areas are good choices. There are some quiet and secret ruins, caves, and other fun stuff in the back hill area. You could easily take bus No. 690 or 808 from Tian An Men Square to the terminal station, the Summer Palace. The Bus 826 would bring you from Temple of Heaven to Summer Palace.

• Beijing Zoo and Beijing Aquarium

• ( 北京动物园 Běijīng Dòngwù Yuán ). (They do have pandas, but displays are not great, your best bet is to go to the Panda Breeding Centre in Chengdu , Sichuan Province). Some are concerned with the way animals are treated in the zoo, but the aquarium is one of the biggest in the world, and very impressive. The zoo was built on the sites of some ancient gardens, has lakes, pounds, pavilions and other beautiful old buildings. The Soviet revival Beijing Exhibition Hall is located nearby and has a Russian restaurant, “Moscow Restaurant”. Please note that the Zoo is also an important traffic center, which means the terminal station for Bus No. 103,105,107 and 111. The new subway line 4 should be ready in 2009.

• Beihai Park

• ( 北海 Běihǎi ), ( Take bus 101 103 109 846 to the south gate, bus 13 118 810 to the north gate, opposite the Shi Sha Hai ). Nov-Mar 9AM-4PM Apr-Oct 9AM-5PM . Beihai is a good place to take a glance at Zhongnanhai (中南海 Zhōngnánhǎi ), heart of Communist China. There’s a big island and white pagoda which was built in the 17th century. The giant buildings westward outside are PRC’s Ministry of Defence and General Staff, which, to be honest, ruin the scene of the west bank. On the north bank, you can visit some small but beautiful gardens. ¥20 .

• Yonghegong

• ( 雍和宮 Yōnghégōng, also known as Lama Temple or Palace of Peace ). Closes at 4pm . The temple was built by Chinese emperors who harbored a deep fascination for the Tibetan (Tantric) version of Buddhism. Over the years, many Tibetan and Mongolian monks lived and taught here, and there are still monks in residence today. The temple is famous for its 18m statue of Maitreya Buddha carved from a single piece of sandalwood. Visitors aren’t allowed to take pictures of holy statues inside most of the temples. You can view most of buildings in an hour or less. Entrance is ¥25 and seems a bit overpriced .

• Prince Gong’s Mansion and Garden

• ( 公王府花园 Gōngwáng Fǔ Huāyuán ), Liuyin St., Xicheng District . Opens from 8 AM to 5 PM every day until August. After August, it will open from 9 AM to 4 PM . The garden is packed with Chinese tourists, and the mansion displays the life of princes during the Qing dynasty. The standard entrance ticket is ¥20 to visit the mansion and park, but if you want to see some Peking Opera (京剧 Jīng Jù ) and magic shows (魔术 móshù ) the ticket is ¥60.

• Beijing Legation Quarter

• ( east of Tiananmen Square ). Once famous in the Boxer Rebellion, the legation quarter is now occupied by government offices and army offices but can still be seen from outside. There’s a wonderful bakery store called “Sapporo” near the legation quarter, famous for its breads and cheesecakes.

• Fragrant Hills

• ( 香山 Xiāng Shān ), ( in the northwestern corner of Beijing ). A good place for weekend outings and picnics. Formerly a Qing imperial garden, today Fragrant Hills makes an easy short climb in the suburbs of Beijing. It’s also home to the Fragrant Hills Hotel, designed by noted architect I.M. Pei (Louvre Museum Pyramid). Take buses 331, 360 or 634 to the last stop. Admission Fee is ¥10, students ¥5 .

• Beijing Botanical Gardens

• ( 北京植物园 Běijīng Zhíwù Yuán ), ( Take buses 331, 726 ). Steps away from the east gate of Fragrant Hill. Acres of greenery and flowers for those tired of urban smog and traffic noise. Sir Johnston, teacher of the last emperor Puyi, had a villa in Cherry Glen, a silent and beautiful retreat in the Gardens. In the spring, the gardens hosts special exhibits of tulips, peach and plum blossoms, peonies, and the like. ¥10, students ¥5 .

• Hutongs

• ( 胡同 Hútòng ). Beijing’s ancient alleyways, where you can find traditional Beijing architecture. They date back to when Beijing was the capitol of the Yuan dynasty (1266-1368). Most buildings in hutongs are made in the traditional courtyard (四合院 sìhéyuàn ) style. Many of these courtyard homes were originally occupied by aristocrats, though after the Communist takeover in 1949 the aristocrats were pushed out and replaced with poor families. Hutongs can still be found throughout the area within the 2nd Ring Road, though many are being demolished to make way for new buildings and wider roads. Most popular among tourists are the hutongs near Qianmen and Houhai.

• Military Museum of the Chinese People’s Revolution

• ( 中国人民革命军事博物馆 Zhōngguó Rénmín Gémìng Jūnshì Bówùguǎn ), ☎ +86 10 68529647 . A great place to read the official Chinese version of what happened in Chinese military history, from ancient times up to 1949. There are also airplanes, boats, guns, missiles, rockets and vehicles on display (including U.S. military hardware evidently seized during the Korean conflict). The exhibit in “The Hall of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea” was unfortunately inaccessible as of April 2007. You can pay an extra ¥5 to take a picture in a 1980’s era Chinese tank. Entrance fee is ¥20 .

• China Aviation Museum

• ( 中国民航博物馆 Zhōngguó Mínháng Bówùguǎn ), Datangshan, Chanping District ( Take Bus 912 or 643 from Andingmen station ). 8AM-5:30PM . A must see for all aviation fans. It is located about 50 km outside Beijing in Changping District and is probably better known by the name Datangshan (大汤山 Dàtāngshān ). Best way to get there is to arrange a taxi from your hotel. The other more adventurous way is to take bus 912 (or 643 if you can’t find the 912) from Andingmen bus station, just remember that 912 has some branch lines and not all of these go via museum. The museum hosts over 200 exhibits, many of them very rare. Entrance fee is ¥50, and an extra ¥8 if you want to board Chairman Mao’s plane .

• National Museum of China

• ( 中国国家博物馆 Zhōngguó Guójiā Bówùguǎn ), 16, East Chang’an St, Dongcheng district ( On the east side of Tiananmen Square ), ☎ +86 10 8447-4914. It is undergoing renovation from 2007 until 2010 and will not be accessible until finished.

• Ox Street Mosque

• ( 牛街礼拜寺 Niú Jiē Lǐbài Sì ), 88 Niu St . Famous Mosque, beautifully decorated in red. A must see if staying for more than a few days. South of Forbidden City.

• Dashanzi Art District

• ( 大山子艺术区 Dàshānzǐ Yìshù Qū ). Originally known as 798 Factory. A district full of galleries of contemporary Chinese art, located in an old industrial district. Also many Western style cafes.